scholarly journals Parallel ON and OFF Cone Bipolar Inputs Establish Spatially Coextensive Receptive Field Structure of Blue-Yellow Ganglion Cells in Primate Retina

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (26) ◽  
pp. 8372-8387 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Crook ◽  
C. M. Davenport ◽  
B. B. Peterson ◽  
O. S. Packer ◽  
P. B. Detwiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Field Structure

scholarly journals A new view of receptive field structure of midget ganglion cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 81-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lee ◽  
H. Sun ◽  
D. Cao
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Field Structure ◽  
New View

Receptive-Field Structure of Direction-Selective Ganglion Cells Projecting to the Goldfish Tectum

2005 ◽  
Vol 1048 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-436
Author(s):  
MICHAEL GOLOVKIN ◽  
VADIM GORBUNOV ◽  
ELENA MAXIMOVA ◽  
VADIM MAXIMOV
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Field Structure

Spatial receptive-field structure of cat retinal W cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Rowe ◽  
James F. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Spatial Summation ◽  
Field Structure ◽  
Contrast Gain ◽  
Frequency Domain Methods ◽  
Y Cells

AbstractWe have used frequency-domain methods to characterize the spatial receptive-field structure of cat retinal W cells. For most ON- and OFF-center tonic and phasic W cells, measurements of responsivity to drifting gratings at various spatial frequencies could be adequately described by a difference-of-Gaussians (DOG) function, consistent with the presence of center and surround mechanisms that are approximately Gaussian in shape and whose signals are combined additively. Estimates of the responsivity of the center mechanisms of tonic and phasic W cells were similar, but both were significantly lower than the corresponding values for X or Y cells. The width of the center mechanisms of tonic W cells, phasic W cells, and Y cells did not differ significantly from each other, but all were significantly larger than the width of X-cell centers. Surround parameters did not vary significantly among the four groups of ganglion cells. Measurements of contrast gain in both tonic and phasic W cells gave values that were significantly lower than in X or Y cells.Virtually all of the phasic W cells in our sample displayed evidence of spatial non-linearities in their receptive fields, in the form of either d.c. responses to drifting sine-wave gratings or second harmonic responses to counterphased gratings. The spatial resolution of the mechanism underlying these nonlinearities was typically higher than that of the center mechanism of these cells. Most tonic W cells exhibited linear spatial summation, although a subset gave strong second harmonic responses to counterphased gratings.Spatial-responsivity measurements for most ON-OFF and directionally selective W cells were not adequately described by DOG functions. These cells did, however, show evidence of spatial nonlinearities similar to those seen in phasic W cells. Suppressed-by-contrast cells gave both modulated and unmodulated responses to drifting gratings which both appeared to involved rectification, but which differed from each other in both spatial resolution and contrast gain.These data confirm earlier reports that the receptive fields of tonic and most ON- or OFF-center phasic W cells appear to include classical center and surround mechanisms. However, the receptive fields of some phasic cells, as well as ON-OFF and directionally selective W cells may have quite different structures. Our results also suggest that phasic, ON-OFF, directionally selective, suppressed-by-contrast, and a subset of tonic W cells may all receive nonlinear inputs with characteristics similar to those described in the receptive fields of retinal Y cells. If so, this has important implications for identifying and understanding the presynaptic circuitry of W cells, as well as the nature of their output to both telencephalic and midbrain visual targets.

scholarly journals Contribution of excitatory and inhibitory conductances to receptive field structure in midget and parasol ganglion cells of macaque monkey retina

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 57-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Crook ◽  
J. B. Troy ◽  
O. S. Packer ◽  
J. D. Vrieslande ◽  
D. M. Dacey
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Field Structure

scholarly journals An S-cone circuit for edge detection in the primate retina

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara S. Patterson ◽  
James A. Kuchenbecker ◽  
James R. Anderson ◽  
Andrea S. Bordt ◽  
David W. Marshak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Edge Detection ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Spatial Vision ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Field Structure ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
3D Electron Microscopy

AbstractMidget retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the most common RGC type in the primate retina. Their responses mediate both color and spatial vision, yet the specific links between midget RGC responses and visual perception are unclear. Previous research on the dual roles of midget RGCs has focused on those comparing long (L) vs. middle (M) wavelength sensitive cones. However, there is evidence for several other rare midget RGC subtypes receiving S-cone input, but their role in color and spatial vision is uncertain. Here, we confirm the existence of the single S-cone center OFF midget RGC circuit in the central retina of macaque monkey both structurally and functionally, by combining single cell electrophysiology with 3D electron microscopy reconstructions of the upstream circuitry. Like the well-studied L vs. M midget RGCs, the S-OFF midget RGCs have a center-surround receptive field consistent with a role in spatial vision. While spectral opponency in a primate RGC is classically assumed to contribute to hue perception, a role supporting edge detection is more consistent with the S-OFF midget RGC receptive field structure and studies of hue perception.

A New Look at Primate Ganglion Cell Receptive Field Structure

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 231-231
Author(s):  
B B Lee ◽  
J Kremers
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Field Structure ◽  
Subunit Structure ◽  
Magnocellular Pathway ◽  
Single Cone ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
Partial Description ◽  
Optical Blur

We have reinvestigated receptive field structure of macaque ganglion cells using a novel stimulus—counterphase modulation of a bipartite field—with luminance, chromatic, or cone-selective stimulation. We previously used this stimulus (Kremers et al, 1995 Colour Vision DeficienciesXII 399 – 406) to show that surrounds of middle (M) and long (L) wavelength cone opponent cells of the parvocellular (PC) pathway are cone specific, measuring on a finer scale than in previous experiments [Reid and Shapley, 1992 Nature (London)356 716 – 718]. Modelling of response amplitude and phase now confirms this conclusion. Second, centre sizes measured were consistent with those from the literature, with PC and magnocellular pathway (MC) cell centres having similar size. Modelling on the basis of single cone centres for PC-cells plus optical blur provided a partial description of the data, but some inconsistencies were present. Last, the chromatic nonlinearity of magnocellular pathway ganglion cells appears to result from a subunit structure within the receptive-field surround.

scholarly journals A synaptic signature for ON- and OFF-center parasol ganglion cells of the primate retina

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOANNA D. CROOK ◽  
ORIN S. PACKER ◽  
DENNIS M. DACEY
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Spatial Summation ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Field Structure ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Temporal Contrast ◽  
Synaptic Excitation

AbstractIn the primate retina, parasol ganglion cells contribute to the primary visual pathway via the magnocellular division of the lateral geniculate nucleus, display ON and OFF concentric receptive field structure, nonlinear spatial summation, and high achromatic temporal–contrast sensitivity. Parasol cells may be homologous to the alpha-Y cells of nonprimate mammals where evidence suggests that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated synaptic excitation as well as glycinergic disinhibition play critical roles in contrast sensitivity, acting asymmetrically in OFF- but not ON-pathways. Here, light-evoked synaptic currents were recorded in the macaque monkey retina in vitro to examine the circuitry underlying parasol cell receptive field properties. Synaptic excitation in both ON and OFF types was mediated by NMDA as well as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/kainate glutamate receptors. The NMDA-mediated current–voltage relationship suggested high Mg2+ affinity such that at physiological potentials, NMDA receptors contributed ∼20% of the total excitatory conductance evoked by moderate stimulus contrasts and temporal frequencies. Postsynaptic inhibition in both ON and OFF cells was dominated by a large glycinergic “crossover” conductance, with a relatively small contribution from GABAergic feedforward inhibition. However, crossover inhibition was largely rectified, greatly diminished at low stimulus contrasts, and did not contribute, via disinhibition, to contrast sensitivity. In addition, attenuation of GABAergic and glycinergic synaptic inhibition left center–surround and Y-type receptive field structure and high temporal sensitivity fundamentally intact and clearly derived from modulation of excitatory bipolar cell output. Thus, the characteristic spatial and temporal–contrast sensitivity of the primate parasol cell arises presynaptically and is governed primarily by modulation of the large AMPA/kainate receptor-mediated excitatory conductance. Moreover, the negative feedback responsible for the receptive field surround must derive from a nonGABAergic mechanism.

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