scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Motor Learning in the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex: Dynamic Regulation of Multimodal Integration in the Macaque Vestibular System

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (30) ◽  
pp. 10158-10168 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Sadeghi ◽  
L. B. Minor ◽  
K. E. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Vestibular System ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Multimodal Integration ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

scholarly journals Finding a Balance: A Systematic Review of the Biomechanical Effects of Vestibular Prostheses on Stability in Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Felix Haxby ◽  
Mohammad Akrami ◽  
Reza Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Vestibular Loss ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Meta Analyses

The vestibular system is located in the inner ear and is responsible for maintaining balance in humans. Bilateral vestibular dysfunction (BVD) is a disorder that adversely affects vestibular function. This results in symptoms such as postural imbalance and vertigo, increasing the incidence of falls and worsening quality of life. Current therapeutic options are often ineffective, with a focus on symptom management. Artificial stimulation of the vestibular system, via a vestibular prosthesis, is a technique being explored to restore vestibular function. This review systematically searched for literature that reported the effect of artificial vestibular stimulation on human behaviours related to balance, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) technique. A total of 21 papers matched the inclusion criteria of the literature search conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases (February 2019). The populations for these studies included both healthy adults and patients with BVD. In every paper, artificial vestibular stimulation caused an improvement in certain behaviours related to balance, although the extent of the effect varied greatly. Various behaviours were measured such as the vestibulo-ocular reflex, postural sway and certain gait characteristics. Two classes of prosthesis were evaluated and both showed a significant improvement in at least one aspect of balance-related behaviour in every paper included. No adverse effects were reported for prostheses using noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation, however, prosthetic implantation sometimes caused hearing or vestibular loss. Significant heterogeneity in methodology, study population and disease aetiology were observed. The present study confirms the feasibility of vestibular implants in humans for restoring balance in controlled conditions, but more research needs to be conducted to determine their effects on balance in non-clinical settings.

scholarly journals A review on screening tests for vestibular disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen S. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
System A ◽  
Screening Battery ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Romberg Test

Although many studies have reported on tests of the vestibular system a valid and reliable, evidence-based screening battery for easy clinical use remains elusive. Many screening tests attempt to assess the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Therefore, head shaking, the Dix-Hallpike maneuver, the supine roll test, and head impulse tests are discussed. Other tests address the spatial orientation functions of the vestibular system, such as the Bucket Test and the Fukuda Stepping test. Still, other tests are based on the known correlates with balance skills, both static and dynamic, such as tandem walking and the modern variation of the Romberg test, the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance. This review provides a critical overview of the literature on some of these tests and their value for clinical use and in epidemiological studies.

Motor learning in a recurrent network model based on the vestibulo–ocular reflex

Nature ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 360 (6400) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Lisberger ◽  
T. J. Sejnowski
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Recurrent Network ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

scholarly journals Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Function in Adolescents With Sport-Related Concussion: Preliminary Results

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz A. Alkathiry ◽  
Anthony P. Kontos ◽  
Joseph M. Furman ◽  
Susan L. Whitney ◽  
Eric R. Anson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Head Impulse Test ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Horizontal Semicircular Canal ◽  
Head Impulse ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Impulse Function ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

Background: Oculomotor impairments, dizziness, and imbalance are common after sports-related concussion (SRC) in adolescents and suggest a relationship between SRC and vestibular system dysfunction. However, it is not clear whether the source of these problems is attributable to the peripheral or central vestibular system. Hypothesis: The video Head Impulse Test (vHIT), which assesses peripheral vestibular function, will show differences in gain between adolescents with and without SRC. Furthermore, there will be an association between vHIT and clinical balance and vestibular/oculomotor testing. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Twenty-five symptomatic adolescents aged between 12 and 19 years with a recent (within 10 days) SRC and 22 healthy controls aged 13 to 20 years were assessed using the vHIT, Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) tools. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain was calculated independently for right and left head impulses. Independent-samples t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests for nonnormal distributions were used to compare concussed patients and controls on the measures. Spearman rank-order correlations were used to assess the association of vHIT with BESS and VOMS. Results: VOR gain in all adolescents with SRC was greater than 0.8, which is considered within normal limits. VOR gain and BESS scores were not significantly different between groups. Adolescents with SRC had significantly worse VOMS item scores than adolescents without SRC ( P < 0.001). There were no significant correlations among vHIT gain and VOMS or BESS. Conclusion: There was no evidence for dysfunction in the peripheral horizontal semicircular canal function at high rotation speeds (ie, vHIT) after SRC, and vHIT was unrelated to balance and vestibular/oculomotor symptoms and dysfunction. However, adolescents with SRC scored worse on vestibular and oculomotor testing than those without SRC. Vestibular dysfunction and symptoms after SRC may be centrally derived. Clinical Relevance: We do not recommend the assessment of head impulse function in adolescents with SRC unless more definitive signs of peripheral vestibular injury are present. We recommend using the VOMS to assess symptoms of suspected SRC injury in adolescents.

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