scholarly journals Reversible Downregulation of Protein Kinase A during Olfactory Learning Using Antisense Technique Impairs Long-Term Memory Formation in the Honeybee,Apis mellifera

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 10125-10134 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Fiala ◽  
Uli Müller ◽  
Randolf Menzel
Author(s):  
G. F. Stepanov ◽  
N. Y. Yasinenko ◽  
A. G. Vasylieva ◽  
V. L. Davydenko

Memory is provided by changes in synapses in neural circuits: short-term memory - by functional changes in a separate sensory neuron and a separate motor neuron, long-term memory - by structural changes (regrowth of new synapses).During the formation of short-term memory in synapses, cAMP, protein kinase A, are used, which act inside the cell and transmit a signal that cause the release of large amounts of the neurotransmitter glutamate. Two independent mechanisms are involved in the formation of long-term memory: - one triggers a long-term strengthening of synaptic connections, directing protein kinase A to the nucleus, which activates the CREB protein, thereby turning on the structural genes encoding proteins necessary for the growth of new synaptic connections; - the other reinforces the already formed memory, supporting the newly formed synaptic endings, which requires local synthesis of proteins.


1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R.M. Vianna ◽  
L. A. Izquierdo ◽  
D. M. Barros ◽  
J. H. Medina ◽  
I. Izquierdo

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