Size Illusions as a Phenomenon of Limited Information Processing Capacity

2004 ◽  
Vol 218 (9) ◽  
pp. 1041-1061
Author(s):  
W. A. Kreiner
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Atmospheric Effects ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Moon Illusion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Special Case

AbstractThe results of a study on the moon illusion are reported, in which the relationship between the illusion, vision and the distance of the horizon have been investigated. The illusion is explained on the basis of a model derived from information theory. Due to the limited channel capacity of the visual system, the size and the resolution of an image are related to each other in such a way, that resolution can only be increased when the size is simultanously reduced. As a result of this constraint, the conspicuity area has to be reduced in order to resolve more detail. Assuming that the visual image is projected onto what is effectively an internal visual memory screen, the size illusion can be explained. A mathematical expression is derived which is fitted to the results of various experiments performed by several other authors in order to measure size constancy. Based on this model two versions of the moon illusion are discussed, as well as their relationship to atmospheric effects and to perspective. The horizon-distance hypothesis is regarded as a special case within this more general model.

The Type of Temperament, Mood, and Strategies of Categorization

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Wytykowska
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Affective Value ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

In Strelau’s theory of temperament (RTT), there are four types of temperament, differentiated according to low vs. high stimulation processing capacity and to the level of their internal harmonization. The type of temperament is considered harmonized when the constellation of all temperamental traits is internally matched to the need for stimulation, which is related to effectiveness of stimulation processing. In nonharmonized temperamental structure, an internal mismatch is observed which is linked to ineffectiveness of stimulation processing. The three studies presented here investigated the relationship between temperamental structures and the strategies of categorization. Results revealed that subjects with harmonized structures efficiently control the level of stimulation stemming from the cognitive activity, independent of the affective value of situation. The pattern of results attained for subjects with nonharmonized structures was more ambiguous: They were as good as subjects with harmonized structures at adjusting the way of information processing to their stimulation processing capacities, but they also proved to be more responsive to the affective character of stimulation (positive or negative mood).

scholarly journals Diversification of Regional Marketing Cooperatives

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Sporleder ◽  
Robert A. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Marketing Cooperatives ◽  
Special Case

Several definitions of diversification exist. Typically, the concept is dynamic and refers to the relationship among various activities or enterprises in which the firm is engaged. As new activities are acquired by a firm from some existing base of activities, complementarity of the newly acquired activity relative to the existing base is subjectively determined. Judgment is rendered on whether the result represents diversification or conglomeration.Conventional wisdom has not succinctly differentiated between diversification and conglomeration. Some writers have considered conglomeration a special case of diversification [2, 7]. For purposes of this paper, this taxonomic argument need not be settled.

The moon illusion: I. How high is the sky?

1982 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Baird ◽  
Mark Wagner
Keyword(s):  
The Moon ◽  
Moon Illusion

The Moon Illusion: A Different View through the Legs

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Coren
Keyword(s):  
Visual Scene ◽  
Size Constancy ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Moon Illusion ◽  
Depth Cue

The fact that the overestimation of the horizon moon is reduced when individuals bend over and view it through their legs has been used as support for theories of the moon illusion based upon angle of regard and vestibular inputs. Inversion of the visual scene, however, can also reduce the salience of depth cue, so illusion reduction might be consistent with size constancy explanations. A sample of 70 subjects viewed normal and inverted pictorial arrays. The moon illusion was reduced in the inverted arrays, suggesting that the “through the legs” reduction of the moon illusion may reflect the alteration in perceived depth associated with scene inversion rather than angle of regard or vestibular effects.

ADDITIVITY AS A FACTOR IN THE MOON ILLUSION

1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 524-526
Author(s):  
T. M. NELSON ◽  
CAROL J. LADAN
Keyword(s):  
The Moon ◽  
Moon Illusion

Issues in Testing for Processing Capacity: Portrait of Convergent Validity with Oblique Rotations in the Background

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Morra ◽  
Alda Scopesi
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Independence Tests ◽  
The Relationship

Commenting on a note by Steven Pulos, it is argued that a relationship between processing capacity and field independence, reported by Case and Globerson (1974) and Morra and Scopesi (1988), is compatible with the view that field independence tests are also demanding in terms of processing capacity. This does not imply that one should refrain from using a battery of tests in measuring M capacity. It is also noted that our previous research emphasised convergent validity because of current rhetorical needs, and we agree with Pulos that the nature of the relationship between processing capacity and other abilities deserves to be investigated more deeply.

scholarly journals The relationship between visual memory and rider expertise in a show-jumping context

2009 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Hall ◽  
Charlotte Liley ◽  
Jack Murphy ◽  
David Crundall
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Show Jumping ◽  
The Relationship

On the Moon Illusion

Science ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 137 (3533) ◽  
pp. 902-906
Author(s):  
Edwin G. Boring
Keyword(s):  
The Moon ◽  
Moon Illusion
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document