In this study, the two geometry tools, including straight cylindrical pin and upward conical pin, are used to create channel in monolithic plate of Al 5083 alloy using the modified friction stir channeling technique. The channeling process was done under different directions including linear and non-linear channeling paths. Using upward conical pin caused easy channeling under non-linear paths, increase in height and hydraulic diameter of channel, and improvement in channel structure. As a result, in modified friction stir channeling technique using both tools, the shape of channels was stable and constant along the different channeling paths. However, the channel size was changed along the different paths. Along the vertical and straight paths, the characteristics of channel were stable and constant during the channeling process. Existing results were also achieved along the curve direction when the advancing side was along the inner curve. Nevertheless, when the advancing side was along the outer curve, the values of channel characteristics were varying at the various locations of the curve path. The stop-action technique and observations on the cross section of channels were utilized to explore the variations of channels and the channeling mechanisms along different paths. It was found that the variations of channel properties were because of the location of the displacement of shear layers along curve and the amount of extracted material by tool pin along the curve paths.
Effects of Phenylalanine Substitutions in Gramicidin A on the Kinetics of Channel Formation in Vesicles and Channel Structure in SDS Micelles
