Effect of an opiate antagonist on the responses of circulating catecholamines and the renin-aldosterone system to acute sympathetic stimulation by hand-grip in man

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. L. Lam ◽  
A. Grossman ◽  
P. Bouloux ◽  
P. L. Drury ◽  
G. M. Besser
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Sympathetic Stimulation ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Serum Aldosterone

Abstract. The effect of naloxone on the neurohumoral responses to acute sympathetic stimulation by sustained hand-grip in normal man was investigated. Six normal males were studied fasting at 08.30 h, on two occasions at 7-day intervals, with each subject sustaining 30% of his maximal hand-grip on a hand dynamometer for 5 min. Naloxone (8 mg bolus) in 20 ml normal saline, or saline alone, was given 5 min before hand-grip in a randomised double-blind cross-over trial. Blood was sampled for plasma renin activity, serum aldosterone and plasma catecholamines. The study was repeated in the absence of hand-grip. Sustained hand-grip produced significant elevations in mean blood-pressure, circulating adrenaline, noradrenaline and aldosterone. Naloxone, which had no effect on basal catecholamines, plasma renin activity or aldosterone, significantly enhanced the responses in plasma adrenaline, plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone to hand-grip. The increments in blood pressure and noradrenaline were not affected. These results suggest that endogenous opioids modulate the response of the sympathoadrenal and renin-aldosterone systems to acute sympathetic stimulation by a mild stress in man.

Effects of opioid antagonism on the haemodynamic and hormonal responses to exercise

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Staessen ◽  
Roberto Fiocchi ◽  
Roger Bouillon ◽  
Robert Fagard ◽  
Peter Hespel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline

1. Physical effort involves, along with an increase in the plasma concentration of β-endorphin, profound adaptations of the circulation and the endocrine system. The effects of opioid antagonism on the responses of blood pressure, heart rate and several hormones to exercise were therefore studied in 10 normal men. They exercised in the supine position up to 33% and 66% of their maximal exercise capacity and received in a randomized double-blind cross-over protocol, either saline or naloxone (10 mg intravenously, followed by a continuous infusion of 10 mg/h). 2. Intra-arterial pressure and heart rate were continuously monitored, but were not affected by naloxone. 3. At rest, opioid antagonism produced a rise in plasma renin activity and in plasma adrenocorticotropin, Cortisol and aldosterone, but only the stimulation of the two adrenocortical hormones differed significantly from the control experiments; at rest naloxone also prevented the fall in plasma adrenaline, which occurred with saline infusion. Furthermore, the exercise-induced rises in plasma angiotensin II, aldosterone, Cortisol, noradrenaline and adrenaline were higher on naloxone than on saline, while a similar tendency was also present for the increases with exercise in plasma renin activity and plasma adrenocorticotropin. Neither at rest nor during exercise did opioid antagonism alter plasma lactate and glucose and serum insulin and growth hormone. 4. In conclusion, (1) endogenous opioids are not involved in the responses of blood pressure and heart rate to supine exercise; (2) at rest and during exercise, the endogenous opioids inhibit the secretion of adrenocorticotropin, aldosterone, Cortisol, noradrenaline and adrenaline; (3) they also inhibit the plasma renin-angiotensin II system indirectly via the catecholamines.

Plasma Catecholamines and Plasma Renin Activity at Birth and during the First Days of Life

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 319s-321s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Leonetti ◽  
C. Bianchini ◽  
G. B. Picotti ◽  
A. Cesura ◽  
Letizia Caccamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

1. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations and plasma renin activity were measured in 21 mothers at delivery and in their babies at birth (umbilical cord blood) and on days 1 and 5 of extrauterine life. 2. At birth plasma renin activity was significantly higher in the newborn than in mothers. Plasma renin activity increased further, but not significantly, on day 1 of life and significantly decreased on day 5. On day 5, 10 min head-up tilting caused no change in plasma renin activity. 3. Plasma noradrenaline in the newborn was higher than in mothers at birth and significantly decreased thereafter. Plasma adrenaline levels at birth were similar in the newborn and their mothers and significantly lower in the newborn in subsequent days. Tilting caused no increase in either plasma adrenaline or noradrenaline levels. 4. No correlation was found between plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels and plasma renin activity, or between noradrenaline, adrenaline or plasma renin activity and blood pressure.

Renin and Aldosterone Release during Sympathetic Stimulation in Tetraplegia

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Mathias ◽  
H. L. Frankel ◽  
I. B. Davies ◽  
V. H. T. James ◽  
W. S. Peart
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Stimulation

1. The effect of endogenous sympathetic stimulation (induced by urinary bladder stimulation) and intravenous infusion of noradrenaline and isoprenaline on blood pressure, heart rate and levels of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone were studied in six tetraplegic patients. Data from infusion studies were compared with data from six normal subjects studied in an identical manner. 2. Bladder stimulation in the tetraplegic patients caused a marked rise in blood pressure and fall in heart rate, but no change in plasma renin activity or plasma aldosterone. 3. Noradrenaline infusion resulted in an enhanced pressor response in the tetraplegic patients when compared with the normal subjects. Heart rate fell in both groups. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone did not change in either group. 4. Isoprenaline infusion caused a fall in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the tetraplegic patients, unlike the normal subjects in whom there was a rise in systolic and a fall in diastolic blood pressure. Heart rate and plasma renin activity rose in both groups. Plasma aldosterone did not change in either group. 5. We conclude that in tetraplegic patients neither endogenous sympathetic stimulation by bladder stimulation nor infusion of noradrenaline raises plasma renin activity. Isoprenaline increases plasma renin activity to the same extent as in normal subjects. Renin release mechanisms in tetraplegic patients therefore do not appear to be hypersensitive to catecholamines. Plasma aldosterone is not influenced by any of the stimuli.

Acute and Chronic Effects of Nifedipine on Plasma Renin Activity and Plasma Adrenaline and Noradrenaline in Controls and Hypertensive Patients

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 115s-117s ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Corea ◽  
N. Miele ◽  
M. Bentivoglio ◽  
E. Boschetti ◽  
E. Agabiti-Rosei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Sublingual Administration ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. Nifedipine, a calcium antagonist drug, was given sublingually (10 mg) to seven normal subjects and 19 patients with essential hypertension. In addition, 12 of the hypertensive subjects then received nifedipine (10 mg thrice daily) for 3 weeks. 2. Sublingual administration of nifedipine in hypertensive patients induced a prompt and sustained reduction of blood pressure, without a significant increase of heart rate; in normotensive subjects blood pressure did not change, and heart rate was significantly increased. After chronic treatment, blood pressure remained reduced and heart rate did not rise. 3. Plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity increased significantly in normotensive subjects after acute administration. 4. After both acute and chronic administration, only plasma noradrenaline was significantly increased in hypertensive patients; in long-term treatment, it was increased in both the lying and standing positions. 5. Nifedipine is an active antihypertensive drug, which may induce some degree of sympathetic activation.

Catecholamines in Peripheral Venous Plasma in Patients on Chronic Haemodialysis

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. McGrath ◽  
J. G. G. Ledingham ◽  
C. R. Benedict
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Chronic Haemodialysis ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Anephric Patients ◽  
Venous Plasma

1. Concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline from peripheral venous plasma were measured after 60 min of supine rest in 55 patients on chronic haemodialysis (including six anephric patients) and in 18 normal subjects. In the patients, plasma catecholamine measurements were related to concurrent measurements of blood pressure, pulse rate, plasma renin activity, plasma angiotension II, blood volume and sulphate space. 2. Mean resting peripheral venous plasma noradrenaline concentration was higher by almost twofold, but mean resting plasma adrenaline concentration was lower, in the 49 non-nephrectomized patients than in the normal subjects. In the six anephric patients, resting peripheral venous plasma noradrenaline concentrations were similar to those of normal subjects. 3. Mean resting plasma noradrenaline concentrations in peripheral venous blood were similar in normotensive and hypertensive non-nephrectomized patients; mean plasma adrenaline concentration was higher in the hypertensive patients. A positive correlation was found between plasma adrenaline and plasma renin activity but not between plasma noradrenaline and plasma renin activity. 4. Resting concentrations of both catecholamines were positively correlated with resting pulse rate and inversely related to blood volume. 5. After renal transplantation resting peripheral venous plasma noradrenaline concentrations were normal in eight patients in whom high values had been recorded whilst on chronic haemodialysis. 6. In response to 40° of head-up tilt, plasma noradrenaline increased significantly in six non-nephrectomized patients, whether sodium replete or depleted, and the changes observed in both these states were similar to those of 14 normal subjects studied on a normal diet. 7. Diastolic blood pressure increased on standing in the majority (41/55) of patients: in only four patients was there a fall in diastolic pressure of more than 5 mmHg in the erect position and in two of these blood volumes were low. 8. The cause of increased peripheral plasma noradrenaline concentrations in haemodialysis patients is uncertain.

Basal and saline-stimulated plasma atrial natriuretic hormone in Cushing's syndrome

1991 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McKnight ◽  
D. R. McCance ◽  
G. Roberts ◽  
B. Sheridan ◽  
A. B. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Natriuretic Hormone ◽  
Serum Aldosterone ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Abstract. The pathogenesis of hypertension associated with Cushing's syndrome is incompletely understood. We have studied basal and saline-stimulated levels of plasma atrial natriuretic hormone in 10 subjects with active Cushing's syndrome (8 F: 2 M), aged 43±4 years (mean±sem). Ten age- and sex-matched normal control subjects were also studied. Subjects fasted from 22.00 h, rose at 07.45 h, and remained ambulant until 09.45 h when blood was taken for plasma ANH, plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone. Subjects then rested supine until 10.00 h when blood was again taken, and blood pressure recorded. Then, while subjects remained supine, 2 1 of 0.9% NaCl were infused between 10.00 and 14.00 h. Blood was taken hourly. Basal plasma ANH was 8.0±0.9 pmol/l in Cushing's subjects and 6.9±2.5 pmol/l in controls. Levels increased in response to saline in both groups, and became significantly higher in the group of patients with Cushing's syndrome (14.00 h level 21.3±3.9 vs 10.4± 1.9 pmol/l; p<0.05). Serum aldosterone and plasma renin activity were not different between groups. Mean blood pressure was higher in patients (114±4 vs 91±7 mmHg; p<0.05). Urinary sodium excretion was not different between groups before saline, but during the four hours of saline was higher in Cushing's subjects (133±12 vs 67±11 mmols; N=6; p<0.05). Our results suggest that during salt loading the exaggerated natriuresis seen in the Cushing's group may have been caused by ANH.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF HEMODYNAMIC AND METABOLIC INDICATORS IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND CONCOMITANT OBESITY DEPENDING ON PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
V.H. Psarova ◽  
M.M. Kochuieva ◽  
G.I. Kochuiev
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Serum Aldosterone ◽  
Low Renin Hypertension ◽  
Automated Methods

The aim of the research: to evaluate the effect of plasma renin activity on the state of hemodynamic and neurohumoral parameters in obese hypertensive patients. Anthropometric, biochemical, automated methods of immune analysis, spectrophotometric, instrumental, statistical methods were used to examine 200 hypertensive patients with class I–II obesity aged 45–55 years. Patients were divided into two groups depending on plasma renin activity: the first group included 21 patients with low-renin hypertension, the second – 179 patients with high-renin hypertension. Patients with HRAH had higher blood pressure BP (DBP, p = 0.004, SBP and mean blood pressure, p<0.001 for both indicators), higher CIMT bifurcation (p = 0.003) and cPWV (p = 0.023), larger size of the left ventricle and its MM (p = 0.039) compared with patients with LRAH. The HRAH was associated with a more pronounced imbalance of the oxidative stress system – antioxidant protection, higher levels of leptin, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. In the absence of differences in glycemic levels, patients with HRAH had significantly higher insulin levels and more pronounced IR, as assessed by the HOMA index. Patients with low plasma renin activity had significantly lower serum aldosterone levels with significantly higher ARR levels than patients with high plasma renin activity. Features of cardiovascular remodeling and neurohumoral status depending on the phenotype of hypertension in patients with concomitant obesity have been established.

The Role of Opioid Peptides in the Hormonal Responses to Acute Exercise in Man

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grossman ◽  
P. Bouloux ◽  
P. Price ◽  
P. L. Drury ◽  
K. S. L. Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Severe Exercise

1. Opioid involvement in the physiological and hormonal responses to acute exercise was investigated in six normal male subjects. Each was exercised to 40% (mild exercise) and 80% (severe exercise) of his previously determined maximal oxygen consumption on two occasions, with and without an infusion of high-dose naloxone. The exercise task was a bicycle ergometer; mild and severe exercise were performed for 20 min each, followed by a recovery period. 2. Exercise produced the expected increases in heart rate, blood pressure, ventilation, tidal volume, respiratory rate, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. After severe exercise, naloxone infusion increased ventilation from 94.8 ± 4.9 litres/min to 105.7 ± 5.0 litres/min (P<0.05), but had no effect on any of the other physiological variables. 3. Exercise-induced changes in several hormones and metabolites were noted, including elevations in circulating lactate, growth hormone (GH), prolactin, cortisol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), adrenaline, noradrenaline, plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone. There was no change in plasma met-enkephalin. Naloxone infusion produced the expected increases in LH and cortisol, but also significantly enhanced the elevations in prolactin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, plasma renin activity and aldosterone (P<0.05). 4. Psychological questionnaires revealed minor mood changes after exercise, but no evidence was found for the suggested ‘high’ or euphoria of exercise. Effort was perceived as greater during the naloxone infusion than the saline infusion in every subject. 5. We conclude that endogenous opioids may be important in the control of ventilation and the perception of effort at high levels of power output, and may modulate the responses of circulating catecholamines and the renin-aldosterone system to acute physical stress.

Enhancement of the Antihypertensive Effect of Hydrochlorothiazide in Dogs after Suppression of Renin Release by Beta-Adrenergic Blockade

1975 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
C. S. Sweet ◽  
M. Mandradjieff
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Renin Release ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Arterial Blood

1. Renal hypertensive dogs were treated with hydrochlorothiazide (8−2 μmol/kg or 33 μmol/kg daily for 7 days), or timolol (4.6 μmol/kg daily for 4 days), a potent β-adrenergic blocking agent, or combinations of these drugs). Changes in mean arterial blood pressure and plasma renin activity were measured over the treatment period. 2. Neither drug significantly lowered arterial blood pressure when administered alone. Plasma renin activity, which did not change during treatment with timolol, was substantially elevated during treatment with hydrochlorothiazide. 3. When timolol was administered concomitantly with hydrochlorothiazide, plasma renin activity was suppressed and blood pressure was significantly lowered. 4. These observations suggest that compensatory activation of the renin-angiotensin system limits the antihypertensive activity of hydrochlorothiazide in renal hypertensive dogs and suppression of diuretic-induced renin release by timolol unmasks the antihypertensive effect of the diuretic.

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