scholarly journals UII and UT in grouper: cloning and effects on the transcription of hormones related to growth control

2013 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caiyun Sun ◽  
Da Duan ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Chaobin Qin ◽  
Jirong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
Caudal Neurosecretory System ◽  
Paracrine Growth Factor ◽  
Motor Effects

Urotensin II (UII) is a cyclic peptide that was originally extracted from the caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS) of fish. UII is well known to exhibit cardiovascular, ventilatory, and motor effects in vertebrates. Studies have reported that UII exerts mitogenic effects and can act as an autocrine/paracrine growth factor in mammals. However, similar information in fish is limited. In this study, the full-length cDNAs of UII and its receptor (UT) were cloned and characterized in the orange-spotted grouper. UII and UT were expressed ubiquitously in various tissues in grouper, and particularly high levels were observed in the CNSS, CNS, and ovary. A functional study showed that UT was coupled with intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in HEK293 cells. Studies carried out using i.p. injections of UII in grouper showed the following: i) in the hypothalamus, UII can significantly stimulate the mRNA expression of ghrh and simultaneously inhibit the mRNA expression of somatostatin 1 (ss1) and ss2 3 h after injection; ii) in the pituitary, UII also significantly induced the mRNA expression of gh 6 and 12 h after injection; and iii) in the liver, the mRNA expression levels of ghr1/ghr2 and igf1/igf2 were markedly increased 12 and 3 h after the i.p. injection of UII respectively. These results collectively indicate that the UII/UT system may play a role in the promotion of the growth of the orange-spotted grouper.

scholarly journals Urotensin II inhibitor eases neuropathic pain by suppressing the JNK/NF-κB pathway

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Pan-Pan Zhao ◽  
Ting Hao ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Mechanical Allodynia ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Intrathecal Injection ◽  
Thermal Hyperalgesia ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
Caudal Neurosecretory System

Urotensin II (U-II), a cyclic peptide originally isolated from the caudal neurosecretory system of fishes, can produce proinflammatory effects through its specific G protein-coupled receptor, GPR14. Neuropathic pain, a devastating disease, is related to excessive inflammation in the spinal dorsal horn. However, the relationship between U-II and neuropathic pain has not been reported. This study was designed to investigate the effect of U-II antagonist on neuropathic pain and to understand the associated mechanisms. We reported that U-II and its receptor GPR14 were persistently upregulated and activated in the dorsal horn of L4–6 spinal cord segments after chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats. Intrathecal injection of SB657510, a specific antagonist against U-II, reversed CCI-induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, we found that SB657510 reduced the expression of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 as well as subsequent secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). It was also showed that both the JNK inhibitor SP600125 and the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC significantly attenuated thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in CCI rats. Our present research showed that U-II receptor antagonist alleviated neuropathic pain possibly through the suppression of the JNK/NF-κB pathway in CCI rats, which will contribute to the better understanding of function of U-II and pathogenesis of neuropathic pain.

scholarly journals Urotensin receptor (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Davenport ◽  
Stephen A. Douglas ◽  
Alain Fournier ◽  
Adel Giaid ◽  
Henry Krum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
High Sequence Identity ◽  
Caudal Neurosecretory System ◽  
Amino Acid Peptide ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Human Sequence ◽  
Mature Mouse

The urotensin-II (U-II) receptor (UT, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on the Urotensin receptor [26, 36, 89]) is activated by the endogenous dodecapeptide urotensin-II, originally isolated from the urophysis, the endocrine organ of the caudal neurosecretory system of teleost fish [7, 88]. Several structural forms of U-II exist in fish and amphibians. The goby orthologue was used to identify U-II as the cognate ligand for the predicted receptor encoded by the rat gene gpr14 [20, 62, 68, 70]. Human urotensin-II, an 11-amino-acid peptide [20], retains the cyclohexapeptide sequence of goby U-II that is thought to be important in ligand binding [53, 11]. This sequence is also conserved in the deduced amino-acid sequence of rat urotensin-II (14 amino-acids) and mouse urotensin-II (14 amino-acids), although the N-terminal is more divergent from the human sequence [19]. A second endogenous ligand for the UT has been discovered in rat [83]. This is the urotensin II-related peptide, an octapeptide that is derived from a different gene, but shares the C-terminal sequence (CFWKYCV) common to U-II from other species. Identical sequences to rat urotensin II-related peptide are predicted for the mature mouse and human peptides [32]. UT exhibits relatively high sequence identity with somatostatin, opioid and galanin receptors [89].

scholarly journals Urotensin II: a somatostatin-like peptide in the caudal neurosecretory system of fishes.

1980 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 5021-5024 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pearson ◽  
J. E. Shively ◽  
B. R. Clark ◽  
I. I. Geschwind ◽  
M. Barkley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
Caudal Neurosecretory System

scholarly journals Urotensin receptor in GtoPdb v.2021.3

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Davenport ◽  
Stephen A. Douglas ◽  
Alain Fournier ◽  
Adel Giaid ◽  
Henry Krum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
High Sequence Identity ◽  
Caudal Neurosecretory System ◽  
Amino Acid Peptide ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Human Sequence ◽  
Mature Mouse

The urotensin-II (U-II) receptor (UT, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on the Urotensin receptor [26, 36, 93]) is activated by the endogenous dodecapeptide urotensin-II, originally isolated from the urophysis, the endocrine organ of the caudal neurosecretory system of teleost fish [7, 92]. Several structural forms of U-II exist in fish and amphibians [93]. The goby orthologue was used to identify U-II as the cognate ligand for the predicted receptor encoded by the rat gene gpr14 [2, 20, 63, 69, 72]. Human urotensin-II, an 11-amino-acid peptide [20], retains the cyclohexapeptide sequence of goby U-II that is thought to be important in ligand binding [61, 53, 10]. This sequence is also conserved in the deduced amino-acid sequence of rat urotensin-II (14 amino-acids) and mouse urotensin-II (14 amino-acids), although the N-terminal is more divergent from the human sequence [19]. A second endogenous ligand for the UT has been discovered in rat [86]. This is the urotensin II-related peptide, an octapeptide that is derived from a different gene, but shares the C-terminal sequence (CFWKYCV) common to U-II from other species. Identical sequences to rat urotensin II-related peptide are predicted for the mature mouse and human peptides [32]. UT exhibits relatively high sequence identity with somatostatin, opioid and galanin receptors [93].

Urotensin II-immunoreactive neurons in the caudal neurosecretory system of freshwater and seawater fish

1985 ◽  
Vol 239 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Owada ◽  
Mitsuhiro Kawata ◽  
Kenichi Akaji ◽  
Atsushi Takagi ◽  
Motoyuki Moriga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
Caudal Neurosecretory System

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Expression of Urotensin II and its Receptor in the Flounder (Platichthys flesus): A Hormone System Supporting Body Fluid Homeostasis in Euryhaline Fish

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (8) ◽  
pp. 3692-3708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqun Lu ◽  
Michael Greenwood ◽  
Louise Dow ◽  
Janette Yuill ◽  
Jonathan Worthington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory System ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Caudal Neurosecretory System ◽  
Gene Characterization ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
Potent Vasoconstrictor

Urotensin II (UII) is a potent vasoconstrictor in mammals, but the source of circulating UII remains unclear. Investigations of the caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS), considered the major source of UII in fish, alongside target tissue expression of UII receptor (UT), can provide valuable insights into this highly conserved regulatory system. We report UII gene characterization, expression of the first fish UT, and responses to salinity challenge in flounder. The 12-aa UII peptide shares 73% sequence identity with pig and human UII. Flounder UT receptor shares 56.7% identity with rat. Although the CNSS is the major site of UII expression, RT-PCR revealed expression of UII and UT in all tissues tested. Around 30–40% of large CNSS Dahlgren cells expressed UII, alone or in combination with urotensin I and/or corticotrophin releasing hormone. Immunolocalization of UT in osmoregulatory tissues (gill, kidney) was associated with vascular elements. There were no consistent differences in CNSS UII expression or plasma UII between seawater (SW)- and freshwater (FW)-adapted fish, although gill and kidney UT expression was lower in FW animals. After acute transfer from SW to FW, plasma UII and kidney and gill UT expression were reduced, whereas UT expression in kidney was increased after reverse transfer. UII appears to be more important to combat dehydration and salt-loading in SW than the hemodilution faced in FW. Potentially, altered target tissue sensitivity through changes in UT expression, is an important physiological controlling mechanism, not only relevant for migratory fish but also likely conserved in mammals.

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