The introduction of battery energy storage systems and the subsequent transfer of electricity is a very important task, which is solved in different countries in different ways, based on the types of products that can be provided by battery energy storage systems. The analysis of the structure of generating capacities in the United Electric Power System of Ukraine shows a significant deficit of shunting capacities, among which today there is thermal generation, which has a significant level of wear of the main generating equipment and hydroelectric power plants. Based on the above, it would be logical to assume that with the launch of a new model of the electricity market; market segments will be formed in which price signals will be attractive for investment in new shunting capacity. However, the formation of such signals is limited by the establishment of upper price indices on the additional service market and market day ahead. Thus, to simulate the operation of battery energy storage systems, the additional service market was chosen in which the system operator purchases services from additional service providers. Modeling the operation of battery energy storage systems for the provision of additional services is a multi-criteria task that takes into account both the technical features of the battery energy storage systems and the relevant price indices that have been formed for each type of service. The paper considers the possibility of providing services from the automatic reserve of frequency recovery and the provision of balancing services. Based on statistical data on the additional service market of the integrated power system of Ukraine, developed a mathematical model to assess the effect of the use of battery energy storage systems to provide services for primary, secondary and tertiary frequency control. The relationship between the price indices of additional service market and technical and economic characteristics of the battery energy storage system are determined. The target function is offered in the mathematical model of operation of the battery energy storage systems, which takes into account the reduced costs for the accumulation of a unit of electricity, maintenance costs and income from the provision of services on the additional service market.
Primary Frequency Control in a Power System with Battery Energy Storage Systems
