Decreased Thymus Size on Chest Radiography: A Sign of Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
ALAN MEYERS ◽  
NICHOLAS PEPE ◽  
WILLIAM CRANLEY ◽  
KATHLEEN MCCARTEN
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Generalized Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Thymus Size

The early diagnosis of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in infancy is clinically important but remains problematic in the asymptomatic child born to an HIV-infected mother. In addition, many such women are unaware of their HIV infection until their child manifests symptomatic HIV disease. Nonspecific signs of pediatric HIV infection, such as generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, or persistent thrush, may be important in alerting the clinician to consider the possibility of HIV infection in the child whose history of HIV risk is unknown. We report one such sign which may be evident on plain chest radiography. The pathology of the thymus gland in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been described by Joshi and colleagues,1-3 who have reported precocious involution with marked reduction in thymus size and weight.

scholarly journals Pediatric HIV Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
Ambrish Kaushal ◽  
Yogesh Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
General Review ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

ABSTRACT Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The pathologic hallmark of AIDS is severe immunosuppression; HIV infected infants and children suffer considerable morbidity and mortality. In addition to the catastrophic medical consequences, HIV infected infants and children along with their families suffer tremendous psychological upheaval owing to this chronic, often devastating illness. Because of the complexity and vast clinical spectrum of HIV infection, this article is limited to a general review of the pediatric HIV manifestations and management. How to cite this article Kaushal A, Upadhyay Y. Pediatric HIV Infection. World J Dent 2013;4(1):77-79.

Pediatric Guidelines for Infection Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus) in Hospitals, Medical Offices, Schools, and Other Settings

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-807
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the most severe manifestation of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has been diagnosed in more than 900 children younger than 13 years of age throughout the United States as of May 1988, 77% of whom were infected in utero or perinatally secondary to maternal infection. Risk factors for maternal infection include intravenous drug abuse or sexual contact with partners who are intravenous drug abusers or bisexual. The remainder of children, including a high proportion of hemophiliacs, have been infected by blood or clotting factor infusion between 1979 and 1985. In addition, adolescents have acquired infection through sexual activity and intravenous drug use, as well as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood factors. The criteria for diagnosis of AIDS in children differ in some ways from those for adults, and the most recently published diagnostic criteria (Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report, Aug 14, 1987) include the expanded spectrum of disease, such as recurrent bacterial infections and encephalopathy, as well as including children with presumptive diagnosis of AIDS-associated diseases such as lymphpoid interstitial pneumonitis. There is no accurate estimate of the numbers of infected asymptomatic children or of infected children with milder symptoms that do not meet the criteria for the diagnosis of AIDS. Although most cases of pediatric HIV infection have been identified in New York City, Newark, Miami, and Los Angeles, cases are appearing in other locations. Thus, HIV infection in childhood is becoming more widespread, but in many states it is still rare. Because the cause of AIDS is a virus transmissible from human to human, pediatric health care workers must adjust infection control guidelines to meet this new threat.

scholarly journals An immigrant with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presenting with a rash: A case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1982961
Author(s):  
Connie Zhang ◽  
Megan A Sander
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Work Up

A 58-year-old woman from Zimbabwe, with a history of untreated human immunodeficiency virus, presented with leonine facies and a diffuse rash. The rash occurred in the context of a 1-year history of constitutional symptoms and cognitive decline. Laboratory investigations confirmed that her human immunodeficiency virus had progressed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Through imaging, tissue biopsies, and polymerase chain reaction, a diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis was made. Since there was no history of travel and histoplasmosis is not locally endemic, the patient likely contracted this fungal infection more than 7 years ago, while living in Africa. We speculate that the histoplasmosis remained latent until her immune system began to decline. The work-up and management of this rare cutaneous presentation of a systemic disease, which should be added to the list of “great mimickers” in dermatology, are discussed.

Educating podiatric medical assistants about AIDS and HIV infection

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Medical Assistants ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Infection Control Guidelines

In order to assess the need for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome education among podiatric assistants, comprehensive questionnaires on human immunodeficiency virus infection were distributed in February and March 1989. The findings presented here are based upon questionnaires completed and returned by 300 assistants. The purpose of the needs assessment was three-fold: to find out how much the surveyed assistants know about AIDS and HIV infection, how they feel about working with HIV-infected patients, and to what extent they understand and follow recommended infection control practices. The results of the survey reveal that many of the assistants in the sample in this study are ill-informed about HIV infection, that they have numerous concerns and fears about working with HIV-infected patients, and that they are not following recommended infection control guidelines.

scholarly journals KEAMANAN PENGGUNAAN ANESTESI REGIONAL PADA PERSALINAN PENGIDAP HIV

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucky Kumaat
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are the major problems of global health. It is estimated that approximately 75.9% of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected women aged are in productive ages (20-39 years) with possibilities to become pregnant. Since the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection in pregnant women is increasing, anesthesiologists are increasingly confronting these diseases in their patients. HIV infection in pregnant women often raises questions about the safety of regional anesthesia for them. Fears of the spread of infection to the Central Nervous System (CNS) or the sequel of the neurological system have led some clinicians not to use regional anesthesia. Some research shows that pregnant women with HIV infection are not a contraindication for regional anesthesia since there is no CNS and neurological sequel or infection after a long enough time post operation. Keywords: HIV infection, AIDS, parturition, regional anaesthesia.  Abstrak: Infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dan Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) adalah masalah utama dari kesehatan global. Diperkirakan sekitar 75,9% wanita yang terinfeksi HIV berada pada usia produktif (20-39 tahun) yang berpeluang untuk hamil. Karena prevalensi infeksi HIV pada wanita hamil semakin meningkat, maka ahli anestesi semakin banyak diperhadapi dengan pasien demikian. Infeksi HIV pada wanita hamil seringkali memunculkan pertanyaan mengenai keamanan penggunaan anestesi regional pada mereka. Kekuatiran terhadap penyebaran infeksi ke sistim susunan saraf pusat (SSP) atau sekuel neurologik menyebabkan sebagian klinisi menentang penggunaan anestesi regional. Beberapa penelitian telah membuktikan bahwa wanita hamil dengan HIV bukan merupakan kontraindikasi bagi penggunaan anestesi regional karena tidak dijumpai adanya infeksi SSP atau sekuel neurologik setelah selang waktu yang cukup panjang pasca operasi. Kata kunci: Infeksi HIV, AIDS, persalinan, anestesi regional.

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