Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Chalk in Buck Peak Field, Sand Wash Basin, NW Colorado: Depositional Setting, Lithofacies, and Nanopore Network

Author(s):  
Robert G. Loucks ◽  
Harry D. Rowe
2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Fanti ◽  
Philip J. Currie ◽  
Michael E. Burns

The Grande Prairie region (Alberta, Canada) includes some of the richest Cretaceous fossil sites in North America, including the recently described bonebed of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai at the Pipestone Creek locality. Here we describe a new multi-taxa, ceratopsian-dominated bonebed from the region, integrating taphonomic, radioisotopic, and paleoecological data. The bonebed can be traced for 107 m and has been excavated over an area of 40 m2 with an average bone density of 30–50 elements/m2. The new bonebed occurs within Unit 4 of the upper Campanian Wapiti Formation, and 40Ar/39Ar dating provides an age of 71.89 ± 0.14 Ma, thus making the site equivalent in age to the upper Drumheller Member of the lower Horseshoe Canyon Formation of central Alberta. About 88% of vertebrate remains are ceratopsian, and dromaeosaurid, hadrosaurid, troodontid, and tyrannosaurid remains have also been identified. Juvenile material, although scarce, indicates an assemblage of individuals of different ages. Specimens showed no strong preferred two-dimensional orientation but are clearly sorted vertically. Taphonomic and sedimentological interpretation support a complex pre-burial history of preserved elements as well as a depositional setting characterized by persistent waterlogged conditions as those typical of large oxbow lakes or marshy/swampy areas, as well as lacustrine settings within an alluvial plain. Being located more than 450 km inland from the paleo-coastline, the new bonebed represents one of the farthest-known inland occurrence of centrosaurines in North America, further supporting the presence of large aggregations of ceratopsian far from the coastal lowlands of the Western Interior Seaway.


2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nino Popkhadze ◽  
Robert Moritz ◽  
Vladimer Gugushvili

AbstractThis study focuses on a well-exposed section of the Artvin-Bolnisi zone located in the open pit of the Madneuli ore deposit, Lesser Caucasus, Georgia. Detailed field and petrographic observations of the main volcano-sedimentary lithofacies of its Upper Cretaceous stratigraphic succession were carried out. Whole rock geochemistry studies support the interpretation of intense silicification of the rocks, and supports our petrographic studies of samples from the Madneuli open pit, including lobe-hyaloclastite described in detail during this study. A particular focus concerned lobe-hyaloclastite exposures in the Madneuli open pit, singled out for first time in this area of the Lesser Caucasus. Two types of hyaloclastite are recognized at the Madneuli deposit: hyaloclastite with pillow-like forms and hyaloclastite with glass-like selvages. The petrographic description shows a different nature for both: hyaloclastite with glass-like selvages represented by devitrification of volcanic glass, which is replaced by quartz and K-feldspar overgrowth of crystals in the groundmass and elongated K-feldspar porphyry phenocrysts. Perlitic cracks were identified during thin section observation. The Hyaloclastite with pillow-like forms consists of relicts of volcanic glass and large pumice clasts replaced by sericite. Key observations are presented in the case of lobe-hyaloclastite and their immediate host volcano-sedimentary environment to constrain their depositional setting. A paleoreconstruction of their environment is proposed, in which hyaloclastite record the interaction of magma emplaced in unconsolidated volcano-sedimentary rocks associated with a submarine rhyodacite dome, emplaced during several magmatic pulses. Our study shows that the predominant part of the host rock sequence of the Madneuli polymetallic deposit was deposited under submarine conditions, which is in agreement with volcanogenic massive sulfide models or transitional, shallow submarine magmatic to epithermal models that were proposed by previous studies.


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