Quarantine Protocol Against Coleopteran Borers in Date Palm Offshoots Using Eco2 Fume Gas

Date palm offshoots represent an important source of planting material in many date palm-growing countries around the world. Infestation by the red palm weevil ((RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus), the longhorn beetle ((LHB) Jebusaea hammerschmidti) and the rhinoceros beetle ((OB) Oryctes spp.) hinders commercialization and movement of these offshoots. An effective quarantine protocol, with exposure period of 72 h at 25 °C using ECO2FUME (EF) with phosphine concentration of 1500 ppm has been developed for date palm offshoots against these coleopteran internal tissue borers.

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A QUARANTINE PROTOCOL AGAINST RED PALM WEEVIL RHYNCHOPHORUS FERRUGINEUS (OLIVIER) (COLEPTERA: CURCULIONDAE) IN DATE PALM

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/jppr-2013-0061 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 409-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Abdul Moneim Al-Shawaf ◽

Abdullah Al-Shagag ◽

Mansour Al-Bagshi ◽

Sami Al-Saroj ◽

Salim Al-Bather ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Date Palm ◽

Phoenix Dactylifera ◽

Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽

Red Palm Weevil ◽

Partial Mortality ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Palm Weevil ◽

The World ◽

Better Than

Abstract The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), (Coleptera: Curculiondae) is a key pest of date palm in the Middle East. This weevil is currently being reported from over 50% of the date growing countries of the world. The date palm Phoenix dactylifera cropped area in the Middle East, has significantly increased during the last two decades where date palm is mainly propagated through offshoots. The red palm weevil larvae are often found in the offshoots, resulting in the spread of the pest and also its re-inoculation where RPW is already controlled. Currently, there are no quarantine protocols to ensure that date palm offshoots which are transported for planting, are free of RPW larvae. In this study, date palm offshoots were sprayed while still attached to the mother palm and also dipped separately with Fipronil 3.5% (Thripguard 35 SCTM) and Imidacloprid 35% (Confidor 350 SCTM) a day after detachment from the mother palm. Fipronil and Imidacloprid were tested at 0.008 % and 0.01%, respectively. Results revealed that dipping gave complete mortality of the larvae. Dipping was significantly better than spraying since spraying resulted in only partial mortality of the larvae. It was also seen that dipping offshoots in Fipronil 0.004% and 0.002% for 30 and 60 min, respectively, resulted in 100% mortality of the larvae tested. Further, toxicity studies resulted in complete mortality of larvae and adults that were exposed to offshoot tissue that was dipped in Fipronil at the above concentrations. For this reason, it is recommended to dip date palm offshoots in 0.004% Fipronil for 30 min before transporting to ensure complete mortality of the hidden larval stages, if any and complete certification and transport of the treated offshoots to the new planting site within 72 h of treatment.

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