scholarly journals Implications of water hardness in ecotoxicological assessments for water quality regulatory purposes: a case study with the aquatic snail Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
EC Oliveira-Filho ◽  
NR Caixeta ◽  
NCS Simplício ◽  
SR Sousa ◽  
TP Aragão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Testing Medium ◽  
Different Levels

Water hardness is a property depending on the presence of alkaline earth metals, mainly calcium and magnesium. Among the strategies for water quality monitoring, ecotoxicological assays are performed to minimize impacts and classify water bodies. For these laboratory evaluations parameters are previously defined in the guidelines, including water hardness for both cultivation and testing medium. The present work was performed to evaluate the effects of different levels of water hardness on the survival and reproduction of the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata and discuss the influence of natural water hardness on the results of ecotoxicological tests with these environmental samples. Comparing the groups it was possible to observe that those maintained in waters with least hardness had lower reproductive success, while the groups maintained in highest hardness showed better reproduction. These data show that waters with low hardness make the reproduction of the snail B. glabrata unfeasible, and this reveal a problem for ecotoxicity assays using natural water samples.

A Community Facilitation Model for E-Government

2007 ◽  
pp. 114-126
Author(s):  
Kyle B. Murray ◽  
Cory A. Habulin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
The Impact

This chapter introduces a community facilitation model for e-government. The central tenet of this approach is the empowerment of a segment of the population to act, by providing the tools and information necessary to tackle issues that have been difficult to address with traditional approaches to government. Under this model, government provides an initial spark and then plays a supporting role in the growth of the community. By doing so, the costs of the program are minimized while the impact of the program is maximized. We examine the viability of the model by looking at a case study in water quality monitoring. The case illustrates the power of a government facilitated community of action to address an important problem, and it suggests that such a model can be applied globally and may be relevant to government initiatives beyond water monitoring.

Reservoir water quality monitoring using remote sensing with seasonal models: case study of five central-Utah reservoirs

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly Hyatt Hansen ◽  
Gustavious P. Williams ◽  
Zola Adjei ◽  
Analise Barlow ◽  
E. James Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Reservoir Water

A Community Facilitation Model for E-Government

2011 ◽  
pp. 306-317
Author(s):  
Kyle B. Murray ◽  
Cory A. Habulin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
The Impact

This chapter introduces a community facilitation model for e-government. The central tenet of this approach is the empowerment of a segment of the population to act, by providing the tools and information necessary to tackle issues that have been difficult to address with traditional approaches to government. Under this model, government provides an initial spark and then plays a supporting role in the growth of the community. By doing so, the costs of the program are minimized while the impact of the program is maximized. We examine the viability of the model by looking at a case study in water quality monitoring. The case illustrates the power of a government facilitated community of action to address an important problem, and it suggests that such a model can be applied globally and may be relevant to government initiatives beyond water monitoring.

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