scholarly journals Identifying Signs of Dyslexia Test: Evidence of Criterion Validity

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rauni Jandé Roama Alves ◽  
Tatiana de Cássia Nakano ◽  
Ricardo Franco de Lima ◽  
Sylvia Maria Ciasca
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Rapid Naming ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Writing Difficulties ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
External Variables

Abstract In Brazil, there is a lack of valid instruments for screening for Developmental Dyslexia (DD) and so the aim of this study was an in-depth investigation of evidence of validity based on the relations with external variables for the Identifying Signs of Dyslexia Test (TISD). More specifically, it seeks to investigate the validity of the criterion, i.e. whether such instruments would be capable of identifying this diagnosis. The research involved comparing two samples: (a) children with DD diagnosis (n = 15) and (b) children without complaints of reading and writing difficulties (n = 146). It was found that in all the subtests of which the instrument is made up (reading, writing, visual attention, calculation, motor skills, phonological awareness, rapid naming, short term memory) there were significant differences between the groups, and in the test total. The results suggest that the TISD was able to identify the group with DD, evidencing the validity of the criterion for this instrument.

scholarly journals Association of short-term memory with a variant within DYX1C1 in developmental dyslexia

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 640-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Marino ◽  
A. Citterio ◽  
R. Giorda ◽  
A. Facoetti ◽  
G. Menozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Learning and Memory Impairment with Benzhexol

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherrie A. Galletly ◽  
Colin D. Field
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Double Blind Trial ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Significant Impairment

A double-blind trial to determine the effects of a single dose of 2 mg benzhexol on cognitive functioning was undertaken using normal volunteers. Ninety minutes after the drug or placebo was taken, subjects completed a battery of psychological tests designed to measure learning, memory and motor skills. Benzhexol ingestion was associated with significant impairment of short-term memory and slowing of the rate of new learning.

Short-term memory and phonological coding in developmental dyslexia

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Macaruso ◽  
John L. Locke ◽  
Suzanne T. Smith ◽  
Susan Powers
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Phonological Coding

scholarly journals Distractor-resistant Short-Term Memory Is Supported by Transient Changes in Neural Stimulus Representations

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1547-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Derrfuss ◽  
Matthias Ekman ◽  
Michael Hanke ◽  
Marc Tittgemeyer ◽  
Christian J. Fiebach
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Active Maintenance ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Prefrontal Cortices

Goal-directed behavior in a complex world requires the maintenance of goal-relevant information despite multiple sources of distraction. However, the brain mechanisms underlying distractor-resistant working or short-term memory (STM) are not fully understood. Although early single-unit recordings in monkeys and fMRI studies in humans pointed to an involvement of lateral prefrontal cortices, more recent studies highlighted the importance of posterior cortices for the active maintenance of visual information also in the presence of distraction. Here, we used a delayed match-to-sample task and multivariate searchlight analyses of fMRI data to investigate STM maintenance across three extended delay phases. Participants maintained two samples (either faces or houses) across an unfilled pre-distractor delay, a distractor-filled delay, and an unfilled post-distractor delay. STM contents (faces vs. houses) could be decoded above-chance in all three delay phases from occipital, temporal, and posterior parietal areas. Classifiers trained to distinguish face versus house maintenance successfully generalized from pre- to post-distractor delays and vice versa, but not to the distractor delay period. Furthermore, classifier performance in all delay phases was correlated with behavioral performance in house, but not face, trials. Our results demonstrate the involvement of distributed posterior, but not lateral prefrontal, cortices in active maintenance during and after distraction. They also show that the neural code underlying STM maintenance is transiently changed in the presence of distractors and reinstated after distraction. The correlation with behavior suggests that active STM maintenance is particularly relevant in house trials, whereas face trials might rely more strongly on contributions from long-term memory.

scholarly journals Prosodic Similarity Effects in Short-Term Memory in Developmental Dyslexia

Dyslexia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Goswami ◽  
Lisa Barnes ◽  
Natasha Mead ◽  
Alan James Power ◽  
Victoria Leong
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Short-term memory for order but not for item information is impaired in developmental dyslexia

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wibke M. Hachmann ◽  
Louisa Bogaerts ◽  
Arnaud Szmalec ◽  
Evy Woumans ◽  
Wouter Duyck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Item Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory For Order
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