Combined Effects of Experimentally Elevated CORT and Predation Threat on Exploratory and Foraging Behavior of Desmognathus ochrophaeus

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Sullivan ◽  
Ian E. Kratzer ◽  
Seanna C. Jobe ◽  
Jacquelyn L. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Predation Threat ◽  
Desmognathus Ochrophaeus

The effect of predator kairomones on caudal regeneration by Allegheny Mountain Dusky Salamanders (Desmognathus ochrophaeus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 502-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.I. Payette ◽  
A.M. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Thamnophis Sirtalis ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Garter Snakes ◽  
Predation Threat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Caudal Autotomy ◽  
Desmognathus Ochrophaeus

Many prey use autotomy as an antipredator mechanism. Rapid regeneration of autotomized appendages is beneficial because forfeited tissues may serve as organs for energy storage, accessories for locomotion, or indicators of social status. We monitored levels of caudal regeneration by Allegheny Mountain Dusky Salamanders (Desmognathus ochrophaeus Cope, 1859) exposed to kairomones from predatory Eastern Garter Snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis (Linnaeus, 1758)). After the induction of autotomy, salamanders were exposed to one of three treatment regimens: blank (water), or acute (30 min per week) or chronic (constant) exposure to predator kairomones during a 12-week study period. Overall, the mean volume of regenerated tissue, as a percentage of the original tail volume, was highest for individuals exposed to the blank versus predator kairomones. When the combined effects of time elapsed since the induction of caudal autotomy and the different treatment regimens were considered, we found that the mean volume of regenerated tissue was significantly greater for control salamanders beginning 8 weeks after autotomy. The mechanism contributing to the differential rates of regeneration among individuals in our treatment groups is unknown, but previous work suggests that elevated stress related to predation threat can have detrimental effects on wound healing and growth in amphibians.

Effects of size, caudal autotomy, and predator kairomones on the foraging behavior of Allegheny Mountain dusky salamanders (Desmognathus ochrophaeus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia A. R. Gildemeister ◽  
Wesley I. Payette ◽  
Aaron M. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Caudal Autotomy ◽  
Desmognathus Ochrophaeus

Foraging behavior of three Tasmanian macropodid marsupials in response to present and historical predation threat

Ecography ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Blumstein ◽  
Janice C. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Predation Threat

Foraging behavior of the midday gerbil (Meriones meridianus): Combined effects of distance and microhabitat

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingying Shuai ◽  
Yan-Ling Song
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Combined Effects

Effects of Retinoic Acid and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on IFN-gamma Secretion by Mononuclear Leukocytes from Nulliparous and Postparturient Dairy Cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burim Ametaj ◽  
Brian Nonnecke ◽  
Ronald Horst ◽  
Donald Beitz
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D

Individual and combined effects of several isomers of retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from nulliparous and postparturient Holstein cattle were evaluated in vitro. In the first experiment, effects on incubation period (24 to 72 hours) and time of supplementation (0 to 32 hours) with all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis-, and 9,13-dicis-RAs (0 to 100 nM) on IFN-gamma secretion by pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated (0 and 10 mug/ml) MNL from nulliparous cattle were evaluated. In the second experiment, MNL from postparturient cows (bled at 0, 2, 4, and 16 days postpartum) were stimulated with PWM (0 and 10 mug/ml) in the presence of RA isomers (9-cis- or 9,13-dicis-RA; 0 to 100 nM), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0 to 100 nM), or with combinations of these metabolites. The results show that individual isomers of RA had no effect on IFN-gamma secretion by PWM-stimulated MNL from nulliparous or postparturient cows. Furthermore 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by MNL from nulliparous and postparturient dairy cows; however, the degree of inhibition was greater when 9-cis- and 9,13-dicis-RA were also present in the cultures. Finally mononuclear leukocytes from postparturient dairy cows produced substantially less IFN-gamma than did MNL from nulliparous cattle. It is concluded that retinoic acids individually did not affect the capacity of leukocytes from dairy cattle to secrete IFN-gamma. This result is in marked contrast to studies in monogastric species indicating that RAs inhibit IFN-gamma secretion by peripheral blood T cells. Inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was potentiated by 9-cis- and 9,13-di-cis-retinoics acids, suggesting that an excess of dietary vitamins A and D may compromise further the naturally immunosuppressed postparturient dairy cow. Additional research is necessary to determine if the combined effects of these metabolites on IFN-gamma secretion represent an increased susceptibility of the dairy cow to infectious diseases during the periparturient period. Lower secretion of IFN-gamma by MNL from postpartutient dairy cows, relative to nulliparous cattle, suggests that recently-calved cows are naturally immunosuppressed.

Foraging behavior of an estuarine predator, the blue crab Callinectes sapidus in a patchy environment

Ecography ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Clark ◽  
Thomas G. Wolcott ◽  
Donna L. Wolcott ◽  
Anson H. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Blue Crab ◽  
Callinectes Sapidus ◽  
Patchy Environment

Combined Effects Of Workplace Stressors On Health And Safety

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Smith ◽  
Rachel L. McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Workplace Stressors

Human foraging behavior in external and internal search tasks

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Wilke ◽  
Benjamin Scheibehenne ◽  
Rui Mata ◽  
Peter M. Todd ◽  
H. Clark Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Human Foraging

Combined effects of form- and meaning-based predictability on perceived clarity of speech.

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Signoret ◽  
Ingrid Johnsrude ◽  
Elisabet Classon ◽  
Mary Rudner
Keyword(s):  
Combined Effects
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