IN VITRO SELECTION OF APPLE ROOTSTOCK SOMACLONES WITH PHYTOPHTHORA CACTORUM CULTURE FILTRATE

1990 ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. ROSATI ◽  
B. MEZZETTI ◽  
M. ANCHERANI ◽  
S. FOSCOLO ◽  
S. PREDIERI ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Н.В. Пролётова ◽  
Л.П. Кудрявцева

Цель исследований – оптимизация селективных сред для проведения отбора in vitro каллусных клеток льна, устойчивых к культуральному фильтрату штаммов возбудителя антракноза и создание in vitro новых генотипов, устойчивых к болезни. В результате исследований уточнен состав культурального фильтрата штаммов антракноза. Выявлено, что токсичность культуральных фильтратов не зависела от вирулентности используемых штаммов – более токсичными оказались культуральные фильтраты штаммов 784 (сильновирулентного) и 780 (средневирулентного) (загнивание и отмирание первичных корешков на 5 сутки наблюдали у 67 – 88% проросших семян), менее токсичны – штаммы 793 (сильновирулентный) и 788 (слабовирулентный) (на 5 сутки загнивание и отмирание первичных корешков отмечено у 9 – 15% проросших семян). Установлено, что морфогенные очаги формировались активнее у генотипов, морфогенный каллус которых переносили на среду с аналогичной или более высокой концентрацией культурального фильтрата. Показано, что на 14 сутки во втором пассаже с большей частотой формировались морфогенные каллусы, почки и побеги при использовании в первом и втором пассажах селективной среды, содержащей культуральный фильтрат в концентрации 40 мл/л, или в первом пассаже – 40 мл/л, а во втором – 44 мл/л. Выделены генотипы, сохраняющие устойчивость к антракнозу в течение трёх поколений на уровне 50 – 60%: НО-78 х Ленок, HJI-103-2 х Ленок, НЛ-40-1 х Ленок, HЭ-38 х Росинка, НЭ-36 х Ленок, НЭ-17 х Ленок, HЭ-16-2 х Росинка. Research objective – optimization of selective media for in vitro selection of flax callus cells resistant to culture filtrate of anthracnose pathogen strains and in vitro creation of new disease-resistant genotypes. As a result of the research, the composition of the culture filtrate of anthracnose strains was clarified. It was revealed that the toxicity of cultural filtrates did not depend on the virulence of the strains used - cultural filtrates of strains 784 (highly virulent) and 780 (medium virulent) turned out to be more toxic (decay and death of primary roots on day 5 was observed in 67 - 88% of germinated seeds), less toxic - strains 793 (strongly virulent) and 788 (weakly virulent) (on the 5th day, decay and death of primary roots was noted in 9-15% of germinated seeds). It was found that morphogenic foci were formed more actively in genotypes, the morphogenic callus of which was transferred to a medium with a similar or higher concentration of the culture filtrate. It was shown that on the 14th day in the second passage, morphogenic callus, buds and shoots were formed with a greater frequency when using in the first and second passages a selective medium containing a culture filtrate at a concentration of 40 ml/l, or in the first passage - 40 ml/l, and in the second - 44 ml/l. Genotypes were identified that retain resistance to anthracnose for three generations at a level of 50 - 60%: NO-78 x Lenok, HJI-103-2 x Lenok, NL-40-1 x Lenok, NE-38 x Rosinka, NE-36 x Lenok, NE-17 x Lenok, NE-16-2 x Rosinka.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Wojciech Marecki ◽  
Jadwiga Żebrowska

The soil pathogenic fungus Phytophthora cactorum causes the most dangerous diseases occurring in strawberry plantations—strawberry crown rot and leather rot. Modern biotechnology methods, e.g., in vitro culture selection and molecular diagnostics can be utilized in the selection of cultivars that are less susceptible or resistant to Phytophthora diseases. In this study, in vitro selection of four strawberry microclones: ‘Elsanta’, ‘Feltar’, ‘Teresa’ and ‘Plena SVdT’ against Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert and Cohn) J. Schröt was carried out. Molecular analysis with inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers was also used to evaluate genetic similarity of the selected resistant plants. None of the analyzed microclones showed complete resistance to the selection factor, but there were plants in all tested microclones that survived the pressure of the pathogen. Results showed that susceptibility to this pathogenic fungus was significantly differentiated and depended on the microclone. The ‘Feltar’ microclone had the significantly lowest susceptibility to Phytophthora disease, followed by the microclones ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Teresa’ with significantly higher susceptibility. The ‘Plena SVdT’ microclone showed the highest susceptibility to Phytophthora disease. This differentiation was linked to the genetic similarity observed at deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) level between the resistant plants selected from microclones. Cluster analysis revealed that microclones with similar susceptibility to phytophthorosis, i.e., ‘Elsanta’, ‘Feltar’ and ‘Teresa’, appeared to be genetically similar. The microclone ‘Plena SVdT’ revealed a different course of phytophthorosis from the aforementioned microclones, being the least genetically similar to them.


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