Australasian Plant Pathology
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Published By Springer-Verlag

1448-6032, 0815-3191

Author(s):  
Shannon Hunter ◽  
Rebecca McDougal ◽  
Nari Williams ◽  
Peter Scott

AbstractPhosphite is used to control and manage many phytophthora diseases in horticultural systems worldwide and natural ecosystems in Australia, Africa, New Zealand and parts of Northern America and Europe. Phosphite does not kill Phytophthora species, but inhibits growth while also stimulating host defence responses. Phytophthora species differ in their underlying tolerance to phosphite and isolates have been shown to acquire tolerance after prolonged exposure. Intra- and inter-specific variability in phosphite sensitivity is of interest to determine the efficacy and sustainability of phosphite for the treatment of phytophthora diseases, which continue to spread globally. Seven Phytophthora species were tested for their sensitivity to phosphite in vitro in a mycelial growth experiment. Phytophthora agathidicida was the species most sensitive to phosphite, being inhibited by 98.7% on average at the lowest phosphite treatment (15 µg/mL phosphite), followed by P. aleatoria, P. cinnamomi, P. pluvialis, P. multivora, P. kernoviae and P. citricola. Huge intraspecific variability was observed with P. kernoviae, which raises the question of whether diseases caused by P. kernoviae such as phytophthora needle blight of Pinus radiata could be managed effectively with phosphite. Further work is required to determine the phosphite sensitivity of different introduced and native Phytophthora species growing in key hosts and whether tolerance observed in vitro is also expressed in vivo.


Author(s):  
M. E. S. Oliveira ◽  
A. M. Kanzi ◽  
N. A. van der Merwe ◽  
M. J. Wingfield ◽  
B. D. Wingfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Monica A. Kehoe ◽  
Craig Webster ◽  
Cuiping Wang ◽  
Roger A. C. Jones ◽  
Brenda A. Coutts

Author(s):  
Ghobad Babaei ◽  
Seyyed Alireza Esmaeilzadeh-Hosseini ◽  
Mehdi Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi ◽  
Assunta Bertaccini
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Caimei Zhao ◽  
Fuyou Yin ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Dingqin Li ◽  
Suqin Xiao ◽  
...  

AbstractBacterial blight (BB), a serious bacterial disease caused by pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) affects rice growth and yield. Yunnan Province is regarded as a center of rice diversity in China and indeed the world, and has abundant rice landrace resources, which may offer prospective candidate donors in rice improvement and breeding. In this study, a set of 200 rice landraces were evaluated to determine their resistance to 10 pathogenic Xoo strains resistance by the leaf-clipping method. The results indicated that the tested rice landraces had different resistance levels against different Xoo strains. Multiple comparisons showed that the Xoo strain PXO99 was virulent to the tested rice landraces. Sixty-six rice landraces conferred resistance against at least one Xoo strain. These resistant rice landraces screened were then performed the presence of 14 cloned BB resistance genes by closely linked molecular markers and designed specific primers. The results showed that none of these resistant accessions contained xa13, Xa21, Xa27, and Xa45(t) homologous fragments, while 9, 24, 4, 7, 9, 15, 1, 5, 4 and 27 accessions contained Xa1, Xa2/Xa31(t), Xa14, Xa3/Xa26, Xa4, xa5, Xa7, Xa10, Xa23 and xa25 homologous fragments, respectively. Sequence analysis further revealed that nucleotide variations around functional nucleotide polymorphisms region were observed within these accessions containing the Xa1, Xa2/Xa31(t), Xa14, Xa3/Xa26, Xa4, xa5, Xa10, Xa23 and xa25 homologous fragments. These results along with phenotypic resistance spectrum supported that these accessions carried nine resistance homologous genes. Only one accession (Qishanggu_Wenshan) carried the Xa7 resistance gene. We also found that some resistant rice landraces, especially Xilandigu_Baoshan, and Laoyaling_Lincang without the above resistance genes, which mediated broad spectrum resistance to multiple Xoo strains, were identified as potential sources for breeding rice lines resistance to BB.


Author(s):  
Linda Smith ◽  
Paul Greenfield ◽  
Dinesh Kafle ◽  
Joy Conroy ◽  
Linda Scheikowski ◽  
...  

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