Modeling of Posttraumatic Changes in Knee Joint in Animal Experiments

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
S P Mironov ◽  
N P Omel'yanenko ◽  
V V Trotsenko ◽  
I N Karpov ◽  
Anton Pavlovich Kurpyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Medial Femoral Condyle ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Histochemical Methods ◽  
Adequate Therapy ◽  
Morphologic Changes

The purpose of the work was to create the model of posttraumatic changes in the knee joint for the study of changes in the injured joint and elaboration of surgical and conservative methods acting on such changes. Experiments were conducted in three equal groups of animals (4 sheep in each group). Round injuries with 5 mm diameter and various depths were inflicted to the bearing surface of the medial femoral condyle. The animals were sacrificed in 1, 3 and 6 months after operation using narcosis overdosage. The obtained data were analyzed by anatomic- morphologic and histochemical methods. Formed posttraumatic structures in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone are constant and may be considered as signs of deforming arthrosis. According to the depth of injury and morphologic changes in the involved cartilaginous and bone articular tissues three degrees of osteoarthrosis are marked out. In every degree the injured joint may be used as a model for the choice of adequate therapy.

scholarly journals Original Functional Rehabilitation Programme Based on Healing Physiology After Reconstruction of Articular Cartilage in Knee Joint

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (11_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967114S0018
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Guliyan ◽  
Marcin Plenzler ◽  
Dariusz Straszewski ◽  
Marcin Paśnik ◽  
Olga Korbolewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Medial Femoral Condyle ◽  
Rehabilitation Programme ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
The Right

Objectives: The evaluation of the quality of articular cartilage remodelling by means of arthroscopy findings and MRI imaging in a patient, who completed the original rehabilitation program. Methods: The rehabilitation program was conducted according to the Carolina Medical Center rehabilitation protocol. The patient was a 46 years old woman with fourth-degree cartilage damage (Outerbridge classification) located on the right medial femoral condyle of the following size: 1.5x2cm and 1x1.5cm. An arthroscopic micro-fracture repair of the cartilage was performed on the medial femoral condyle of the right knee. After the surgery the original rehabilitation program has been divided into 4 stages based on biological aspects of the physiology of cartilage tissue healing and biomechanics of the knee joint. 18 months after the reconstruction and a complete rehabilitation program, the patient underwent another right knee arthroscopy. During the surgery cartilage was been reevaluated in vivo. A pre-operative MRI was made, as well as a post-operative one after the second arthroscopy. The aim of the MRI examination was to objectify the treatment’s results. Results: The applied surgical treatment and following rehabilitation resulted in the remodelling of the cartilage-like tissue, which was observed in, both, the arthroscopy and the MRI imaging. The MRI evaluation of the quality of the cartilage tissue 18 months after the reconstruction gave very good results according to the MOCART scale (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue). Conclusion: The positive results of the cartilage remodelling process recorded after the application of the original rehabilitation programme encourages to continue the study on a larger group of patients.

Histological Features of Osteoarthritis in a State of Decompensation

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Timur B. Minasov ◽  
Ekaterina R. Yakupova ◽  
Dilmurod Ruziboev ◽  
Ruslan M. Vakhitov-Kovalevich ◽  
Ruslan F. Khairutdinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Social Significance

Degenerative pathology of the musculoskeletal system is one of the main reasons for decreased mobility in patients of the older age group. Increasing the life expectancy leads to predominance non-epidemic pathology in all developed countries. Therefore, degenerative diseases of musculoskeletal system have not only medical significance but also social significance. Objective is studying the morphological features of synovial environment of the decompensated osteoarthritic (OA) knee joint. Structural features of subchondral bone, hyaline cartilage of the femur and tibia, the articular capsule, menisci and ligamentous apparatus of the knee joint were studied in 64 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics Bashkirian State Medical University in the period from 2015 to 2020. Material selection, preparation of histological samples, staining with hematoxylin-eosin, microscopy was performed. Adaptive signs of articular cartilage of the femoral condyles manifest in the form of cartilage tissue rearrangement, which are most pronounced in the central zone of the cartilage. At the same time, the phenomena of decompensation and significant areas of destruction are noted. Also, the subchondral bone was replaced with connective tissue with subsequent sclerosis. This sclerosis subsequently led to the decompensation of structures of the hyaline cartilage in the deep and middle zones. Destructive and dystrophic processes were noted in the knee joint menisci. Articular cartilage was replaced with granulation tissue with subsequent invasion of blood vessels. Cruciate ligaments in patients with OA show signs of adaptation due to expansion of endothenonium layers between bundles of collagen fibers and an increase in the diameter of blood vessels.

Meniscus and Synovial Membrane: An Electronmicroscopic Study on Rabbits

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. Hu ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
R.T. Zuo ◽  
K.L. Wang ◽  
L. Qin
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Cartilage Surface ◽  
Articular Cartilage Surface ◽  
Scanning Electronmicroscopy ◽  
Transmission Electronmicroscopy

Seven healthy mature rabbits were used to study both the surface morphology of the meniscus using both transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) and scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) and articular cartilage of the femoral condyle using SEM. Results showed that the membrane covering the meniscus was structurally the extension of synovial membrane of the knee joint capsule. Additionally, the presence of canal-like openings over the membranous surface to the meniscus was noted, which were absent over the articular cartilage surface. Key words: transmission and scanning electronmicroscopy, meniscus, articular cartilage, rabbits

scholarly journals Mosaic arthroplasty of the medial femoral condyle in horses — An experimental study

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Bodó ◽  
Gábor Vásárhelyi ◽  
László Hangody ◽  
László Módis
Keyword(s):  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Medial Femoral Condyle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Femoral Trochlea ◽  
Osteochondral Grafts ◽  
Mosaic Arthroplasty

One Arabian and 5 Hungarian half-bred horses were used to study the macroscopic and microscopic survival of autologous osteochondral grafts in the weight-bearing surface of the medial femoral condyle (MFC). Grafts were harvested from the cranial surface of the medial femoral trochlea (MFT) under arthroscopic control. Three of them were transplanted into the weight-bearing surface of the contralateral MFC using an arthrotomy approach. Three months later this transplantation procedure was repeated on the opposite stifle joints in the same animals, but at that time transplantation was performed arthroscopically. Follow-up arthroscopy was carried out 12 months after the first operations, and biopsies were taken from both the recipient and the donor sites for histological examination. During follow-up arthroscopy, the transplanted areas looked congruent and smooth. Microscopically, the characteristics of hyaline cartilage were present in 5 out of the 10 biopsies examined; however, in the other half of biopsies glycosaminoglycan (GAG) loss and change in the architecture of the transplanted cartilage was observed. In a 16-year-old horse, all grafts broke during harvesting, and thus transplantation was not performed. No radiological signs of osteoarthritic changes were detected 9 to 12 months after the operations in the donor and recipient joints. Clinically, no lameness or effusion was present three months after the transplantations.

Longstanding knee joint preserved functional outcome following medial femoral condyle resection. A case report

The Knee ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-305
Author(s):  
Morsi Khashan ◽  
Amir Haim ◽  
Ofir Chechick ◽  
Samuel Dekel
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Medial Femoral Condyle

Change of Chondral Lesions and Predictive Factors After Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy With a Locked Plate System

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1615-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Il Kim ◽  
Min-Chul Seo ◽  
Sang-Jun Song ◽  
Dae-Kyung Bae ◽  
Duk-Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Medial Femoral Condyle ◽  
Open Wedge ◽  
Medial Tibial Plateau ◽  
Locked Plate ◽  
Second Look ◽  
Open Wedge Hto

Background: Although cartilage regeneration after medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) has been described, there is a paucity of reports regarding which factors influence cartilage regeneration. Purpose: To document whether cartilage regeneration occurs in the previously degenerated medial compartment of arthritic knees after medial open-wedge HTO without concomitant cartilage procedures and to assess which predictive factors influence regeneration after HTO. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4 Methods: From February 2008 to January 2014, 104 consecutive knees were enrolled retrospectively that received medial open-wedge HTO with a medial locked plate system without any additional cartilage regeneration procedures and were followed by second-look arthroscopy for plate removal 2 years after surgery. The mean ± SD age at the time of index HTO was 56.3 ± 5.4 years. Cartilage status was graded at the time of initial HTO and second-look arthroscopy according to the International Cartilage Repair Society grading system, and regenerated articular cartilage was classified by the macroscopic staging system of Koshino et al at the time of second-look arthroscopy. Variables evaluated for possible association with regeneration of articular cartilage included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), American Knee Society score, mechanical tibiofemoral angle, medial proximal tibial angle, amount of correction angle, and degree of arthritis. Results: Per the International Cartilage Repair Society grading system, the lesions in the medial femoral condyle and the medial tibial plateau were improved in 54 knees (51.9%) and 36 knees (34.6%), respectively, at the time of second-look arthroscopy. According to the macroscopic grading system, partial and total regeneration of articular cartilage in the medial femoral condyle and the medial tibial plateau was observed in 75 knees (72%) and 57 knees (55%), respectively. Based on univariable logistic regression tests, regeneration of articular cartilage was associated with a smaller mean preoperative varus mechanical tibiofemoral angle (odds ratio [OR], 0.7; P = .023) and lower BMI (OR, 0.8; P = .026) for the medial femoral condyle and younger age (OR, 0.9; P = .048) and a larger mean correction angle (OR, 1.1; P = .023) for the medial tibial plateau. The mean preoperative knee and function scores were significantly improved at the last follow-up, but no correlation was found between the clinical outcomes and cartilage regeneration. Multiple logistic regression analysis for regeneration of articular cartilage showed lower BMI (OR, 0.7; P = .015) to be a significant predictor for the medial femoral condyle. Conclusion: Regeneration of degenerated articular cartilage in the medial compartment can be expected while correcting a varus deformity in arthritic knees after medial open-wedge HTO with a locked plate system without any additional cartilage regeneration procedures. Moreover, we suggest that medial open-wedge HTO in the medial arthritic knee with varus malalignment should be highly successful in terms of cartilage regeneration, especially for lower BMI patients.

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