Cropping capacity of winter rye cultivated for fodder

Realization of the yield potential depends on the biological characteristics of the variety, cultivation technology and weather conditions. The article presents the results of studies carried out in 2018-2021. on the productivity of various varieties of winter rye in dryland conditions of the central zone of the Republic of Kalmykia. The fresh yield of winter rye harvested for fodder depended on the variety. Its highest index was obtained for the Saratovskaya 4 variety and amounted to 17.7 ... 26.9 t / ha. The analysis of the productivity of winter rye harvested for green fodder showed that the studied varieties provided the yield of dry matter at the level of 5.4 ... 7.1 t / ha on average for three years. All varieties have good winter hardiness. Keywords: WINTER RYE, VARIETY, NAKED FALLOW, PLANT HEIGHT, GREEN MASS, FRESH YIELD, CROP PRODUCTIVITY, DRY MATTER

Anaerobic Digestion of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste in Plug-Flow Reactors: Focus on Bacterial Community Metabolic Pathways

The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of a pilot-scale plug-flow reactor (PFR) as a biorefinery system to recover chemicals (i.e., volatile fatty acids (VFAs)), and biogas during the dry thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). The effects of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) on both outputs were studied, reducing the parameter from 22 to 16 days. In addition, VFA variation along the PFR was also evaluated to identify a section for a further valorization of VFA-rich digestate stream. A particular focus was dedicated for characterizing the community responsible for the production of VFAs during hydrolysis and acidogenesis. The VFA concentration reached 4421.8 mg/L in a section located before the end of the PFR when the HRT was set to 16 days. Meanwhile, biogas production achieved 145 NLbiogas/d, increasing 2.7 times when compared to the lowest HRT tested. Defluviitoga sp. was the most abundant bacterial genus, contributing to 72.7% of the overall bacterial population. The genus is responsible for the hydrolysis of complex polysaccharides at the inlet and outlet sections since a bimodal distribution of the genus was found. The central zone of the reactor was distinctly characterized by protein degradation, following the same trend of propionate production.

Ecological Efficiency of Urban Industrial Land in Metropolitan Areas: Evidence from China

Industrial land is an indispensable strategic resource in urban development that plays an indispensable role in ensuring the industrial space of urban construction and development. Measuring and analyzing the eco-efficiency of industrial land utilization (ECILU) can provide insights into how to maximize the input–output ratio of industrial land and ensure the sustainable development of land resources and economies. Based on the undesirable output slacks-based measure (SBM) model, choosing land, capital, and labor as input indicators, and the industrial added value and carbon emissions as desirable and undesirable output indicators, this study measured the ECILUs in 78 cities and 13 metropolitan areas in four Chinese major economic zones from 2007 to 2018, analyzed their spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and regional differences, and constructed a Tobit regression model to test the influence mechanism of each variable on the ECILUs in different regions. This has important theoretical and practical significance for the Chinese government in formulating relevant policies and realizing the green utilization of urban land in the future. Empirical results showed that the ECILUs in most cities were low and that the differences between regions were large. The ECILU in the Western Economic Zone was relatively high, followed by the Eastern, Central, and Northeastern Economic Zones. According to the ECILU value and urban synergy degree of each metropolitan area, this study divided the 13 metropolitan areas into four categories. The regression analysis results showed that the variables had different effects on the ECILUs of all cities and the four economic zones in China. It is suggested that all economic zones should reinforce the optimization of industrial structure, control industrial pollutant discharge, and solve the phenomenon of labor surplus. The Eastern Zone should maintain the growth of its economy while focusing on soil quality. The Central Zone should focus on the efficient use of infrastructure, and the Western, Northeastern, and Central Zones should balance the green coverage area and the industrial land area to ensure the efficient use of urban industrial land.

ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY AND STABILITY OF PROSPECTIVE PEA LINES

The studies were carried out in order to assess the parameters of the adaptability of promising pea samples in terms of yield to identify the best genotypes for the conditions of middle Volga region. The work was carried out in 2018-2020 in the central zone of Ulyanovsk region. The object of the research was 10 pea samples, the standard was Ukaz variety. According to the methods of S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell, V.V. Khangildina and S.P. Martynova determined the adaptability of breeding samples using the following indicators: coefficient of variation (V%), homeostaticity (Hom), breeding value (Sc), stability index (Sj2), linear coefficient regression (bi), point stability estimate (Hi). On average, over three years of research, the greatest increase in yield, compared to the standard, was noted for Ulyanovskiy yubileiny variety - 0.43 t/ha. The genotypes of Ulyanovskiy yubileiny, Viridis and line 657/14 with the smallest values of the coefficients of variation - 14.6, 22.4, 23.4%, respectively, are attributed to the most stable in terms of the coefficient of variation V. The most valuable in terms of plasticity and stability were the Ukaz variety (bi=1.15 and Sj2=0.02) and line 559/11 (1.14 and 0.00 respectively). Line 621/14 (bi=1.42 and Sj2=0.15) was recognized as an intensive variety with very low phenotypic stability and line 752/14 (1.29 and 0.11 respectively), with a reduced variety. Lines 215/11, 533/14, 657/14 were distinguished by very high phenotypic stability (bi=0,91…1,07, Sj2=0,00…0,03). The highest level of homeostaticity in combination with breeding value was observed in the promising pea cultivar Ulyanovskiy Yubileiny (Hom=15.33 and Sc=1.67) and line 215/11 (Hom=7.74 and Sc=1.22). According to the point assessment of Hi stability, significant advantages were revealed in Ulyanovskiy yubileiny variety (Hi =4.22) and line 215/11 (1.33). According to the sum of the ranks of the six parameters of adaptability, the leading positions were occupied by lines 533/14 (27), 215/11 (32) and promising varieties Ulyanovskiy yubileiny (32), Viridis (32). According to the test results, two samples in 2020 were submitted for state variety testing

Adaptive morphogenesis of lamb liver under Anthropobiocenosis conditions lamb liver morphogenesis

Investigated the histological features of the structure of hepar of one-day-old lambs (ODL) using a complex of morphological techniques. It was found that hepar in ODL is formed by stroma and parenchyma. The stromal elements of the organ are formed by loose lugs of hematopoietic connective tissue, which in turn forms a capsule (2.80-7.23 microns thick), as well as the septa of the lobules, which include the hepar triads and paravasal tissue of efferent blood vessels. As a result of the studies, the prevalence of the stroma in the hematopoietic foci around large afferent blood vessels, especially in the hepar hilus, was revealed. The hepar parenchyma in ODL has structural incompleteness. It is formed by hepar cells and numerous resinusoidal cells located in the subcapsular, peripheral, central zones in the lobus hepatis. Hepar cells located in the subcapsular zone (SZ) have a more optically cleared (OC) cytoplasm, and the practically cleared cytoplasm of the hepatocyte diameter (HD) decreases towards the central zone (CZ). In the hepar parenchyma of the ODL, hematopoiesis foci (HF) are established in each of the lobes, which tend to decrease from the periphery to the center of the lobes. Hemopoetic cells (HC) are located between hepatocytes, densely layering on top of each other, and there are also cells located sparsely between the liver cells (LC). The number of hepatocytes per 1 mm2 of the area of the histological specimen in the left lobe (LL) of the ODL reaches the highest value 5983.79 ± 90.40, in the right lobe (RL) of the liver it is 5358.80 ± 646.60, while in the middle it has a minimum value and reaches 5133.10 ± 205.75.

Monthly climatic water balance at selected locations in India

Meteorological data (1971-2000) for twenty seven (27) well distributed locations in India, have been utilized to compute average monthly rainfall (RF) and potential evapotranspiration (PET). In the present study, potential evapotranspiration (PET) has been calculated by using FAO recommended Penman-Monteith equation. An attempt has been made to identify the months of water deficit / surplus and these have been discussed in relation to crop planning for both seasons Monsoon or Kharif (June to September) and Rabi (October to February).In northwest, west and central zone, water deficit is observed at several stations in Kharif and all stations in Rabi. The average RF/PET ratio in this zone is 0.53 indicating that except in Pantnagar and Adhartal (0.94), crop selection and planning do not favour crops requiring more water. During Kharif season RF/PET ratio of several stations, except Hissar and Jodhpur, is more than 1, suggesting successful cropping with rainfall. In east and northeast zone, water surplus is observed at all the stations in Kharif. Water deficit in Rabi occurred at most of the places during December, January and February. RF/PET ratio during Kharif season ranges between 1.44 and 5.93 suggesting none of the stations undergo water deficit during the crop growing period. For the stations selected in south zone, water deficit in Kharif occurred at many places in the months of June, July and August. Water deficit in Rabi occurred at many places during January and February. During Kharif RF/PET ratio is less than 1 except for Rajamundry and Pattambi. This emphasizes the need for proper crop selection for successful cropping with limited moisture.

Creation of pea recombinant lines with increased level of adaptability to drought conditions

Introduction. Peas are among the most common legumes in Ukraine, so the creation and introduction into production of new varieties has a significant economic effect. The main purpose of its breeding is to create highly adaptable to biotic and abiotic factors varieties, the yield of which would be stable for many years. Matcrials and mcth0ds. Field studies were conducted in the central zone of Odessa region during 2018–2021. Control nursery, ecological, preliminary and competitive testing were sown in plots 10 m long with a seeder “Klen-1.5C”, sowing of breeding and collection nurseries was carried out manually in a wide rows with 45 sm. In the process of vegetation conducted phenological ob- servations, the necessary accounting and evaluation. Plots of control, ecological, preliminary and competitive testing were harvested with a breeding combine “Sampo-130”, plants of selection and collection nurseries were tied into sheaves and then threshed on a thresher. Seed yield was calculated at 14% humidity. Rcsults and discussi0n. Under arid condi- tions in 2018–2020, the yield of all varieties and breeding lines was low, which indicates the need to strengthen breeding research to improve the adaptive characteristics of the new source material. Analysis of the results of our own research and a large volume of literature sources show that the creation of varieties with a more stable level of productivity will take place gradually through the consistent accumulation of positive gene loci using complex stepwise crosses and large volumes of hybrid populations of early generations, and effective selection highly adaptive forms. The network of ecological tests is of great importance. Under optimal moisture conditions, the yield of the best varieties reaches 5.0 t / ha, and in some recombinant lines exceeds this value. The identification of donors and sources of drought and heat resistance among the world gene pool is becoming increasingly important. It is especially important to identify the genetic loci of these traits by genetic molecular research methods.