scholarly journals The Role of Fructose, Sucrose, and High-fructose Corn Syrup in Diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian I Cozma ◽  
John L Sievenpiper ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Excess Energy ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
High Fructose Corn Syrup ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Meta Analyses

Concerns are growing regarding the role of dietary sugars in the development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, including diabetes. High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and sucrose are the most important dietary sweeteners. Both HFCS and sucrose have overlapping metabolic actions with adverse effects attributed to their fructose moiety. Ecologic studies have linked the rise in fructose availability with the increases in obesity and diabetes worldwide. This link has been largely underpinned by animal models and select human trials of fructose overfeeding at high levels of exposure. Although prospective cohort studies have shown significant associations comparing the highest with the lowest levels of intake sugar-sweetened beverages, these associations are small, do not hold at moderate levels of intake, and are subject to collinearity effects from related dietary and lifestyle factors. Most systematic reviews and meta-analyses from controlled feeding trials have shown that fructosecontaining sugars in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrates do not show evidence of harm and, in the case of fructose, may even have advantages for glycemic control, especially at small doses. Nevertheless, trials in which fructose-containing sugars supplement diets with excess energy have shown adverse effects, effects that appear more attributable to the excess energy than the sugar. There is no unequivocal evidence that fructose intake at moderate doses is directly related with adverse metabolic effects, although there is potentially cause for concern where fructose is provided at high doses or contributes excess energy to diets. Further investigation is warranted due to the significant knowledge gaps and weaknesses in existing research.

scholarly journals The Role of Fructose, Sucrose, and High-fructose Corn Syrup in Diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Adrian I Cozma ◽  
John L Sievenpiper ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Excess Energy ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
High Fructose Corn Syrup ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Meta Analyses

Concerns are growing regarding the role of dietary sugars in the development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, including diabetes. High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and sucrose are the most important dietary sweeteners. Both HFCS and sucrose have overlapping metabolic actions with adverse effects attributed to their fructose moiety. Ecological studies have linked the rise in fructose availability with the increases in obesity and diabetes worldwide. This link has been largely underpinned by animal models and select human trials of fructose overfeeding at high levels of exposure. Although prospective cohort studies have shown significant associations comparing the highest with the lowest levels of intake sugar-sweetened beverages, these associations are small, do not hold at moderate levels of intake and are subject to collinearity effects from related dietary and lifestyle factors. Most systematic reviews and meta-analyses from controlled feeding trials have shown that fructose-containing sugars in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrates do not show evidence of harm and, in the case of fructose, may even have advantages for glycaemic control, especially at small doses. Nevertheless, trials in which fructose-containing sugars supplement diets with excess energy have shown adverse effects, effects that appear more attributable to the excess energy than the sugar. There is no unequivocal evidence that fructose intake at moderate doses is directly related with adverse metabolic effects, although there is potentially cause for concern where fructose is provided at high doses or contributes excess energy to diets. Further investigation is warranted due to the significant knowledge gaps and weaknesses in existing research.

The Role of High-Fructose Corn Syrup in Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Ferder ◽  
Marcelo Damián Ferder ◽  
Felipe Inserra
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Fructose Corn Syrup ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
High Fructose

Metabolic Effects of Fructose and the Worldwide Increase in Obesity

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Tappy ◽  
Kim-Anne Lê
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
High Fructose Corn Syrup ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
Fructose Intake ◽  
High Fructose

While virtually absent in our diet a few hundred years ago, fructose has now become a major constituent of our modern diet. Our main sources of fructose are sucrose from beet or cane, high fructose corn syrup, fruits, and honey. Fructose has the same chemical formula as glucose (C6H12O6), but its metabolism differs markedly from that of glucose due to its almost complete hepatic extraction and rapid hepatic conversion into glucose, glycogen, lactate, and fat. Fructose was initially thought to be advisable for patients with diabetes due to its low glycemic index. However, chronically high consumption of fructose in rodents leads to hepatic and extrahepatic insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and high blood pressure. The evidence is less compelling in humans, but high fructose intake has indeed been shown to cause dyslipidemia and to impair hepatic insulin sensitivity. Hepatic de novo lipogenesis and lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and hyperuricemia have all been proposed as mechanisms responsible for these adverse metabolic effects of fructose. Although there is compelling evidence that very high fructose intake can have deleterious metabolic effects in humans as in rodents, the role of fructose in the development of the current epidemic of metabolic disorders remains controversial. Epidemiological studies show growing evidence that consumption of sweetened beverages (containing either sucrose or a mixture of glucose and fructose) is associated with a high energy intake, increased body weight, and the occurrence of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. There is, however, no unequivocal evidence that fructose intake at moderate doses is directly related with adverse metabolic effects. There has also been much concern that consumption of free fructose, as provided in high fructose corn syrup, may cause more adverse effects than consumption of fructose consumed with sucrose. There is, however, no direct evidence for more serious metabolic consequences of high fructose corn syrup versus sucrose consumption.

scholarly journals Acute metabolic responses to high fructose corn syrup ingestion in adolescents with overweight/obesity and diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Patterson ◽  
Jennifer K. Yee ◽  
Paulin Wahjudi ◽  
Catherine S. Mao ◽  
Wai-Nang P. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
High Fructose Corn Syrup ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
High Fructose

Fructose and high fructose corn syrup: are they a two-edged sword?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Nasim Khorshidian ◽  
Mahdi Shadnoush ◽  
Maryam Zabihzadeh Khajavi ◽  
Sara Sohrabvandi ◽  
Mojtaba Yousefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fructose Corn Syrup ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
High Fructose
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