scholarly journals Life Cycle Inventory and assessment of the municipal solid waste management system: a case study in a municipality in southern Brazil

Author(s):  
Adan William da Silva Trentin ◽  
Adilson Moacir Becker Jr ◽  
Ênio Leandro Machado ◽  
Pâmela Andréa Mantey Dos Santos ◽  
Adriane de Assis Lawisch Rodriguez ◽  
...  

The present study conducted a Life Cycle Assessment evaluation of the Solid Waste Management System in Santa Cruz do Sul – RS, in order to provide background information and therefore support decision-making for future waste management scenarios. The software package named as Integrated Waste Management – 2, Version 2.5., was used to perform the LCA, where all inputs and waste management system outputs were identified and quantified. The conversion of the results from Life Cycle Inventory to Life Cycle Assessment in environmental impacts was carried out based on impact characterization factors from RECIPE 2008 version 1.08. The impact categories studied were: Photochemical Oxidant Formation Potential, Global Warming Potential, Acidification Potential, Eutrophication Potential, Depletion of the Ozone Layer Potential and Particulate Matter Formation Potential in addition to the Use of Energy and Final Solid Waste. The current waste management scenario has been simulated as baseline, considering three additional scenarios, which included raising the number of households served by selective collection, improvement of recycling recovery efficiency in the sorting stage and the introduction of the biological treatment stage into the system by composting the organic matter. The results showed that the current scenario is the most impacting, for global warming, with a total of 12,102,122.85 kg of emissions per year, whereas scenario 04 showed to represent the lowest contribution rates to environmental impacts in carbon footprint perspective (5,946,702.47 kg of emissions per year). The final disposal stage in landfills had also contributed significantly to environmental impact rates, followed by the waste collection scenario. The proposed changes, suggested by alternative scenarios, had demonstrate considerable environmental savings, hereby justifying the importance of implementing these strategies in waste management.  Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment. Environmental Impact. IWM-2. Solid Waste. Brazil.ResumoEste trabalho desenvolveu um estudo de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida de um Sistema de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos na cidade de Santa Cruz do Sul-RS a fim de dar suporte a tomada de decisões para futuros cenários de gestão de resíduos. Para executar a Análise de Ciclo de Vida, foi utilizado o software Gerenciamento Integrado de Resíduos – 2 (IWM-2), Versão 2.5. Neste programa, as entradas e saídas referentes ao inventário do sistema de gerenciamento foram identificadas e quantificadas. A conversão dos resultados do Inventário de Ciclo de Vida para Análise do Ciclo de Vida em impactos ambientais foi realizada baseada na caracterização dos fatores de RECIPE 2008, versão 1.08. As categorias de impacto estudadas foram: Potencial de Formação de Oxidantes Fotoquímicos, Potencial de Aquecimento Global, Potencial de Acidificação, Potencial de Eutrofização, Potencial de Depleção da Camada de Ozônio e Potencial de Formação de Material Particulado além do Uso de Energia e Resíduos Sólidos Finais. O atual cenário de gerenciamento de resíduos foi simulado como base, considerando três cenários adicionais, os quais incluíam o aumento do número de famílias atendidas por coleta seletiva, melhoria na eficiência de recuperação da reciclagem na fase de triagem e introdução do estágio de tratamento biológico no sistema por compostagem de matéria orgânica. Os resultados mostraram que o cenário atual é o mais impactante para aquecimento global, com um total de 12,102,122.85 kg de emissões por ano, enquanto que o cenário 04 apresentou menores taxas de contribuição para esta categoria (5,946,702.47 kg de emissões por ano). A etapa de disposição final em aterros também contribuiu de forma significativa para a variação de impactos ambientais, seguido pela etapa de coleta de resíduo. As alterações propostas, sugeridas pelos cenários alternativos, demonstraram consideráveis melhorias ambientais, justificando a importância da implementação destas estratégias no gerenciamento de resíduos.  Palavras-chave: Análise do Ciclo de Vida. Impacto ao Meio Ambiente. IWM-2. Resíduo Sólido. Brasil.ResumenEste trabajo presenta los resultados del Análisis de Ciclo de Vida del Sistema de Gestión de Residuos Sólidos de la ciudad de Santa Cruz do Sul-RS-Brasil, para apoyar la toma de decisiones para futuros escenarios de la gestión de residuos. Para realizar el ACV fue utilizando el software de IWM, versión 2.5. En este programa, las entradas y salidas relativas al análisis del inventario fueron identificadas y cuantificadas. La conversión de los resultados del Inventario para la evaluación de los impactos se hizo con base en los factores de conversión RECIPE 2008 Versión 1.08. Las categorías de impacto estudiadas fueron: Potencial de formación de oxidantes fotoquímicos, calentamiento global, de acidificación, de eutrofización, de agotamiento de la capa de ozono, formación de material particulado, consumo de energía y los residuos sólidos final. El escenario actual fue simulado como valor de referencia. Otros tres escenarios fueron estudiados, los cuales incluyen el aumento del número de hogares con servicio de recogida selectiva de residuos, el aumento de la eficiencia de la etapa de separación de materiales reciclables y la introducción de la etapa de tratamiento biológico en sistema por medio del compostaje de la materia orgánica. Los resultados mostraron que el escenario actual es el más impactante en relación al potencial de calentamiento global, con un total de 12.102.122,85 kg equivalentes de CO2 de emisiones por año, mientras que el cuarto escenario mostró contribuciones más bajas para esta categoría (5.946.702,47 kg equivalentes de CO2 de emisiones por año). La etapa de la disposición final también contribuyó significativamente con los impactos ambientales, seguido de la etapa de recolección de residuos. Las modificaciones sugeridas y simuladas por los escenarios alternativos mostraron mejoras ambientales considerables, lo que justifica la importancia de implementar estas estrategias en la gestión de residuos.  Palabras clave: Análisis del Ciclo de Vida. Impacto al Medio Ambiente. IWM-2.5. Residuo Sólido. Brasil.

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950013
Author(s):  
Syeda Amber FATIMA ◽  
Mohammad Nawaz CHAUDHRY ◽  
Syeda Adila BATOOL

With the substantial increase in solid waste due to industrialization and urbanization, the environmental damage has also aggravated, making the management of solid waste an important issue throughout the world. Global warming, species extinction, imbalance in nutrient cycle and random disposal of hazardous waste are some environmental problems threatening sustainable development. The solid waste from the study area mainly consists of organic waste (66%), recyclables (25%) and miscellaneous waste (9%). About 10% of the organic waste is composted by public facilities funded by the government; whereas the entire miscellaneous waste is dumped at dumping sites without going through any treatment. About 41% of the recyclables are sold to junk shops by households, and 28% are sorted out by scavengers at dumping sites. An EASEWASTE model is used to evaluate the impacts of existing solid waste management system on environment. The major gases which contribute to life cycle impact assessment are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), CFCs (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-114 and CFC-115), HCFCs (HCFC-22, HCFC-123, HCFC-124 and HCFC-141b), HFCs (HFC-125, HFC-134a and HFC-152a), halons, tetra chloromethane (CCl[Formula: see text], 1,1,1-trichloroethane (CCl3CH3) and carbon monoxide (CO), and global warming potential is calculated by the EASEWASTE model at different timelines, i.e. 20, 100 and 500 years, respectively. Human toxicity via water and air is also evaluated and it found that the existing system is polluting the environment in many ways.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananta Raj Dhungana

Solid waste management is one of the developmental challenges facing city authorities worldwide, especially in most developing countries. Rapid urbanization has made solid waste management a serious problem in poor and developing countries. This study aims to analyze the determinants of willingness to pay for improved solid waste management system. For this purpose, two hundred and seventeen Households were selected in Lekhnath, Kaski, Nepal. Pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was collected by using systematic random sampling techniques. Multiple Linear Regression analysis was used to find the determinants of willingness to pay for improved solid waste management system. The tentative average wastes produced per day from their house is one kilogram with minimum one hundred gram and maximum ten kilogram per day. Main disposal method/site for solid waste management of majority of the respondents is Burn followed by cannal, near open places, send in waste management vehicle, road side and rivulets. Almost all of the respondents are not satisfied with the community responsible for solid waste management in the study area. The average amount that the respondents have willingness to pay for solid waste management system is Rs 56.84 per month. Further, it is found that Having any member abroad, Remittance received in last one year and House ownership are the major determining factors for willingness to pay for improved solid waste management system in the study area. However, other factors like Sex of the respondents, age of the respondents, family size, Family type, Caste/ethnicity, education of the respondents, Total number of employed person at home, Total number of literate person at home, Major occupation of the respondents, tentative weight of accumulated solid waste per day, Monthly Income of household, Visit at any hotel/restaurant during last 12 months, and Having any livestock at household do not have any significant impact on willingness to pay for improved solid waste management system. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. 6 (December 2017)


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