THE STRIPED LYNX SPIDER, OXYOPES SALTICUS HENTZ (ARANEAE: OXYOPIDAE), AS A VECTOR OF A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS IN ANTICARSIA GEMMATALIS HÜBNER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)1

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Kring ◽  
S. Y. Young ◽  
W. C. Yearian
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Infected Larva ◽  
Laboratory Activity ◽  
Active Virus ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The potential for transmission of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (AgNPV) by the striped lynx spider, Oxyopes salticus Hentz, was examined in the laboratory. Activity of the virus in excreta of O. salticus which had fed on an AgNPV - infected A. gemmatalis larva was bioassayed on alternate days over a 14 - day period. Oxyopes salticus excreta contained an average of 3.3 ± 2.2 × 104 polyhedral inclusion bodies per spider over the test period, with 95% of the active virus excreted within 24 hrs of ingestion. The amount of virus excreted was significant because only a mean of 1.2% of the total virus present in infected larva was consumed by the spider. The results suggest that O. salticus, and probably other spider predators in soybeans, may be important in dissemination of AgNPV in A. gemmatalis populations.

Movement of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus into Velvetbean Caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larval Populations on Soybean by Nabis roseipennis (Heteroptera: Nabidae) Nymphs

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Young ◽  
W. C. Yearian
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Velvetbean Caterpillar ◽  
Nabis Roseipennis ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Mixed Age ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Nabis roseipennis Reuter nymphs that preyed on larvae of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) infected velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner), excreted the virus (AgNPV) for several days thereafter. Based on bioassays, fifth instar and second instar nymphs excreted 84.7 × 105 and 9.7 × 105 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per nymph, respectively. The AgNPV-contaminated nymphs effectively disseminated the virus via the feces over soybean plants where it served as inoculum to initiate disease in larval populations of A. gemmatalis caged in the field. Larval mortality from AgNPV ranged from 11.4 to 48.5% over treatments in two tests. Larval mortality in treatments where the source of virus inoculum was AgNPV-contaminated fifth instar nymphs was similar to that in treatments where the source of viral inoculum was diseased larvae. Larval mortality resulting from AgNPV dissemination by the nymphs was usually higher in treatments containing fifth instar nymphs than in those with second instar nymphs. Dissemination of NPV by fifth instar nymphs was higher in mixed-age than in uniformed-age A. gemmatalis larval populations. This was not the case with the smaller second instar nymphs.

NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS TRANSMISSION IN MULTIPLE GENERATIONS OF ANTICARSIA GEMMATALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) CAGED ON SOYBEAN

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
S. Y. Young ◽  
W. C. Yearian
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Velvetbean Caterpillar ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Multiple Generations ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Transmission of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AgNPV) of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsis gemmatalis Hübner, in multiple generations on caged soybeans was examined. Introduction of primary infected larvae into larval populations on soybean resulted in low levels of mortality in the initially uninfected population in generation one. Larval mortality levels increased in succeeding generations and were higher in treatments with greater larval population density. The increase in epizootic development was much less, however, when the plants were not infested for one larval generation. AgNPV concentrations on foliage and in soil generally reflected the mortality levels from AgNPV in the respective treatments.

scholarly journals Production of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae): effect of vírus dosage, host density and age

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Moscardi ◽  
Luiz G. Leite ◽  
Carlos E. Zamataro
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Fixed Population

The laboratory production of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AgNPV) was evaluated for larvae inoculated at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 cm and with two NPV dosages, 10(6) and 10(7) polyhedron inclusion bodies (PIB)/ml, sprayed on the insect diet surface. A fixed population of 25 larvae/300-ml cup was used. Highest virus yield was achieved for larvae inoculated with ca. 2.0 cm at the higher NPV dosage. Losses of NPV-inoculated larvae ranged from 42.4% to 64%, due to high incidence of canibalism, death by other causes, and pupation. In another experiment, larvae were inoculated with two NPV dosages (1.0 x 10(7) and 4.0 x 10(7) PIB/ml), using 25,20, and 15 larvae/cup at the beginning of 4th instar (B4L); end of 4th instar (E4L); beginning of 5th instar (B5L); and end of 5th instar (E5L). Highest NPV production was attained for B5L at 25 larvae/cup, for both dosages, with a production efficiency of ca 90%, in spite of a decrease in PIB/larva and an increase in canibalism with the increase in larval density. Better standardization of larvae at inoculation improved efficiency in NPV production.

Contamination of Arthropod Predators with Heliothis Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus After Elcar™ Applications to Soybean for Control of Heliothis spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)2,3

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Young ◽  
W. C. Yearian
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Arthropod Predators ◽  
Heliothis Spp ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Application of Elcar™ [Heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV)] to soybean at 9 × 1010 and 36 × 1010 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per ha resulted in only low levels of mortality (7% to 26.0%) from NPV in Heliothis spp. larvae collected up to 14 days after treatment. Bioassay of NPV in predators collected from 36 × 1010 PIB/ha-treated plots revealed that 16.9% and 14.8% were contaminated with virus 7 and 14 days, respectively, after application. The predominant predators collected were spiders (34.3%) and nabid species (29.2%) of which 11.0% and 20.2%, respectively, tested positive for NPV. Only a few predators collected from outside treated plots 14 days after treatment contained NPV. These results suggest that most predators which preyed on virus infected larvae did not move from the treated plots and did not have an important role in NPV dispersal within the treated plots.

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