Population Biology of Orangestriped Oakworm (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in Southeastern Virginia

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-229
Author(s):  
Mark A. Coffelt ◽  
Peter B. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Development Time ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Quercus Palustris ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pupal Mortality ◽  
Egg Mass Size

Population biology of orangestriped oakworm, Anisota senatoria (J. E. Smith), was studied in southeastern Virginia. Egg mass size was larger on Quercus palustris Muench., pin oak, compared with Q. phellos L., willow oak. Females produced a sex pheromone that attracted male moths. Blacklight traps were not effective for monitoring A. senatoria adults. Peak male emergence occurred on 2 July, 4 days earlier than female. The mean life span was 33.5 days in the laboratory. Pupal mortality was high and only 1.2% of the pupae produced moths in 1989 and 1990. Pupae were capable of overwintering for two years in the field. The first report of a second generation from September - November was documented. Second generation A. senatoria oviposited more egg masses, infested more trees and had a longer development time compared with first generation. Large egg mass size, pupae that were capable of overwintering for two years and the presence of a second generation may partially explain the consistent A. senatoria populations that have occurred in southeastern Virginia.

scholarly journals Sub-lethal effects of permethrin exposure on a passerine: implications for managing ectoparasites in wild bird nests

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Bulgarella ◽  
Sarah A Knutie ◽  
Margaret A Voss ◽  
Francesca Cunninghame ◽  
Brittany J Florence-Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Nest Material ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Treatment Benefits

Abstract Permethrin is increasingly used for parasite control in bird nests, including nests of threatened passerines. We present the first formal evaluation of the effects of continued permethrin exposure on the reproductive success and liver function of a passerine, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), for two generations. We experimentally treated all nest material with a 1% permethrin solution or a water control and provided the material to breeding finches for nest building. The success of two consecutive clutches produced by the parental generation and one clutch produced by first-generation birds were tracked. Finches in the first generation were able to reproduce and fledge offspring after permethrin exposure, ruling out infertility. Permethrin treatment had no statistically significant effect on the number of eggs laid, number of days from clutch initiation to hatching, egg hatch rate, fledgling mass or nestling sex ratio in either generation. However, treating nest material with permethrin significantly increased the number of hatchlings in the first generation and decreased fledgling success in the second generation. Body mass for hatchlings exposed to permethrin was lower than for control hatchlings in both generations, but only statistically significant for the second generation. For both generations, an interaction between permethrin treatment and age significantly affected nestling growth. Permethrin treatment had no effect on liver function for any generation. Permethrin was detected inside 6 of 21 exposed, non-embryonated eggs (28.5% incidence; range: 693–4781 ng of permethrin per gram of dry egg mass). Overall, results from exposing adults, eggs and nestlings across generations to permethrin-treated nest material suggest negative effects on finch breeding success, but not on liver function. For threatened bird conservation, the judicious application of this insecticide to control parasites in nests can result in lower nestling mortality compared to when no treatment is applied. Thus, permethrin treatment benefits may outweigh its sub-lethal effects.

Fecundity and Egg Mass Size of the Illinois Chorus Frog, Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis (Hylidae), from Northeastern Arkansas

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Brian P. Butterfield ◽  
Walter E. Meshaka ◽  
Stanley E. Trauth
Keyword(s):  
Egg Mass ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Chorus Frog ◽  
Egg Mass Size

Increased per-capita investment in egg production by female apple snails in the presence of predatory common carp

Behaviour ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
pp. 935-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuya Ichinose ◽  
Masahisa Tochihara
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Egg Mass Size

AbstractWe hypothesized that apple snails would change life-history traits in the presence of common carp to reduce or avoid predation risk. Carp of about 150 mm body length were released in small plots set in a rice field in southern Japan at 0, 0.2, or 0.6 carp/m2. Egg-mass size, proportion of hatched eggs, and duration of hatching of the snail were measured once or twice a week from July to September. Snails collected in traps were used to estimate both snail density by the Jolly-Seber mark-recapture method and distribution of shell lengths in each plot. The weight of the snail was regressed on a size-weight equation, and the snail biomass was determined by multiplying the estimated density and the regressed weight. The reproductive effort of the snails was calculated as the number of eggs divided by the biomass of adult females. The egg mass size and reproductive effort were significantly increased in the presence of carp. These increases were considered as life-history changes of apple snails in the presence of a predator.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Egg Mass Size and Egg Number per Egg Mass in the Casuarina Moth,Lymantria xylina(Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 752-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tse-Chi Shen ◽  
Yi-Shan Shae ◽  
Chen-Shawn Liu ◽  
Ching-Wen Tan ◽  
Shaw-Yhi Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Egg Mass ◽  
Egg Number ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Egg Mass Size

Redial generations of Fasciola gigantica in the pulmonate snail Lymnaea truncatula

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakotondravao ◽  
A. Moukrim ◽  
P. Hourdin ◽  
D. Rondelaud
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Pulmonate Snail ◽  
Lymnaea Truncatula ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTLymnaea truncatula, 4 mm in height, were subjected to infection by a single miracidium of Fasciola gigantica, then raised at 23°C until day 60 of the experiment. Histological study of these snails demonstrated a mean redial burden of 34 parasites at day 60, of which one third were degenerating forms. The mean number of living independent rediae did not exceed 5 for the first and second generations. Conversely, in subsequent generations there were as many as 18 rediae per snail at day 60. The first living redia of the first generation in particular gave rise to daughter rediae. Mature rediae appeared at day 35 and especially concerned the first and second generations at day 60. The authors conclude that development of the first and second redial generations occurs during the same period, and that the forms of the first cohort of the second generation are produced from the first redia of the first generation which originated from the sporocyst.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document