Effects of Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen on Heart Contraction Rate of Navel Orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Larry Zettler ◽  
Edwin L. Soderstrom ◽  
Richard F. Gill ◽  
Bruce E. Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Contraction Rate ◽  
Amyelois Transitella ◽  
Navel Orangeworm ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Heart Contraction

Fifth instars of navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), were exposed to controlled atmospheres to measure the effects of elevated carbon dioxide and reduced oxygen concentrations and temperature on heart contraction rate. The atmospheres contained varying concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen and were produced by blending air with carbon dioxide or nitrogen. Carbon dioxide concentrations between 50% and 99.5% caused immediate cardiac arrest in A. transitella, but the heart contractions restarted after a transient delay. The length of this delay was directly proportional to the concentration of carbon dioxide, and contraction rate following restart was inversely proportional to the concentration of carbon dioxide. Cardiac arrest was irreversible in 100% carbon dioxide. Heart contraction rate of A. transitella was directly proportional to both temperature and oxygen content of the atmosphere through a range of 15°C to 50°C.

Deep hypothermia in the cat

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur F. Battista
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Deep Hypothermia ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Body Cooling

Sixteen adult cats were cooled, using the method of hypercapnia and hypoxia. Seven cats died during the cooling or warming period due to irreversible ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest. Nine cats survived and the lowest body temperature obtained was 12.5°C. The rate of body cooling and the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations were critical parameters difficult to control in a large animal such as the cat.

The Navel Orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Discovered in Northeastern Mexico Feeding on Sapindaceae

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-605
Author(s):  
Manuel Lara-Villalón ◽  
Venancio Vanoye-Eligio ◽  
M. Alma Solís ◽  
Gerardo Sánchez-Ramos ◽  
Julio C. Chacón-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Amyelois Transitella ◽  
Navel Orangeworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Northeastern Mexico

scholarly journals Traps and Attractants for Monitoring Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the Presence of Mating Disruption

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1270-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S Burks ◽  
Bradley S Higbee ◽  
John J Beck
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Amyelois Transitella ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Navel Orangeworm ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Monitoring Traps

Abstract The use of aerosol mating disruption for management of the navel orangeworm Amyelois transitella (Walker) in California tree nuts has increased markedly. This treatment suppresses pheromone monitoring traps in neighboring orchards as well as in the orchard under treatment. The current study, therefore, addresses the interrelated topics of which attractant is most effective, how the number of adults captured is affected by trap design, and what sex is captured. Under most circumstances, wing traps baited with phenyl propionate (PPO) captured more adults than those baited with a 5-compound kairomone blend. Adding a pheromone lure along with the dispenser for the experimental attractant increased the number of adults captured with PPO both in and near-mating disruption. In contrast, addition of a pheromone lure along with the kairomone blend only increased the number of adults captured in orchards near but not under mating disruption. Delta traps, which are preferred by the industry, captured fewer adults than wing traps. Improvements in the number of adults captured with PPO in delta traps from addition of a pheromone lure and from design modifications were additive. Both sexes were captured by all attractants and trap designs tested, and the sex ratio was highly variable. Open traps like the wing trap captured a slightly higher proportion of males than closed traps. These findings are discussed in the context of management of the navel orangeworm.

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