scholarly journals 412 Organic Mulch Improves Yield and Economic Returns From Chive Production

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 464B-464
Author(s):  
Manuel C. Palada ◽  
Stafford M.A. Crossman ◽  
Allison M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Allium Schoenoprasum

Chive (Allium schoenoprasum) is one of the most popular culinary herbs in the Virgin Islands, and local demand is always high throughout the year. However, local production is not sufficient to meet increasing demands. Chive production is constrained by insect pests, weeds, and high cost of irrigation water. A study was conducted to compare the influence of organic and synthetic mulches on yield and economic returns from chive production. The study also evaluated the effect of mulch on weeds and water use. Chives were planted in plots consisting of three rows 3.6 m long. Plants were spaced 20 cm within rows 41 cm apart. The plots were mulched with grass straw, wood chips, shredded paper, and white plastic. A control plot (no mulch) was also planted for comparison. Plots were arranged in randomized complete-block design with four replications. All plots were drip-irrigated and soil moisture tension maintaned at 30 kPa. Chives grown with grass straw mulch produced taller plants and higher number of tillers (slips) than all other mulch treatments. Total fresh yield of plots with grass straw mulch was superior to all other mulch treatments including the control. On the average, plots with grass straw mulch produced 1203 g/m2 of fresh chives. All mulches resulted in reduced weed population compared to the control (no mulch). Due to high rainfall during the growing season, differences in irrigation water use were not significant. Economic comparison indicated that the net return above mulch costs was 50% higher with grass straw than with other mulch treatments. To improve production and income, herb growers should consider using grass straw and realize other benefits, including weed control and improved soil fertility.

Maize yield as affected by irrigation and evapotranspiration control treatments

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-734
Author(s):  
R. De ◽  
Y. Y. Rao ◽  
M. Ikramullah ◽  
L. G. Giri Rao
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Irrigation Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYMaize yield was increased by the application of organic mulch (6 t/ha). Mulched plots treated with any of the antitranspirants (kaolin or alachlor) and receiving two or four irrigations yielded as much as untreated plots receiving four or six irrigations. Cob length, number of grains and grain weight of maize were increased by mulching and by the transpiration suppressants. Irrigation water-use efficiency was improved by evapotranspiration control treatments.

scholarly journals Transitional Effects of Double-lateral Drip Irrigation and Straw Mulch on Irrigation Water Consumption, Mineral Nutrition, Yield, and Storability of Sweet Cherry

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Yin ◽  
Lynn E. Long ◽  
Xiao-Lan Huang ◽  
Ngowari Jaja ◽  
Jinhe Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

A field trial was conducted on a Cherryhill silt loam soil at The Dalles, OR, from 2006 to 2008. The impacts of switching from the traditional micro sprinkler irrigation (MS) to double-lateral drip irrigation (DD) and from no groundcover with herbicide control of weeds (NC) to in-row wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw mulching (ST) were evaluated in a split-plot design with four replicates. Irrigation water use, mineral nutrition, and productivity of ‘Lapins’ sweet cherry (Prunus avium) on ‘Mazzard’ rootstock (P. avium) and soil quality were measured on a plot basis. DD reduced irrigation water consumption by 47.6% to 58.2% compared with MS. Straw mulch lowered irrigation water use by 9.7% relative to NC. Total fruit yield and fruit quality of firmness, size, and sugar at harvest were similar for the irrigation treatments. Straw mulch increased fruit size by 0.6 mm on average relative to NC, which could result in increased grower profitability. The DD system enhanced percentage of marketable fruit by 8.6% relative to MS. Leaf phosphorus (P), boron (B), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) concentrations were reduced with DD over MS; consequently, more P, B, Zn, and Fe fertilizers might be needed under DD. Straw mulch markedly decreased the populations of flagellates and amoebae but slightly increased the population of ciliates. Straw mulch resulted in a soil microbial community with remarkably less protozoa. Overall, DD is a viable alternate irrigation system for producing sweet cherry orchards with limited water resources for irrigation. Switching from NC to ST could lower irrigation water use, reduce herbicide runoff, and protect soil from erosion.

Potential of deficit irrigation to increase marginal irrigation response of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) on Tasmanian dairy farms

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Rawnsley ◽  
B. R. Cullen ◽  
L. R. Turner ◽  
D. J. Donaghy ◽  
M. Freeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Biophysical Model ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

In the cool temperate dairy regions of Tasmania, there is heavy reliance on irrigation to maximise pasture performance by ensuring that plants do not suffer water stress. Consequently, irrigation water has often been applied at a greater amount than plant water requirements, resulting in low efficiencies. An irrigation experiment was undertaken in north-western Tasmania between October 2007 and April 2008, examining the effect of deficit irrigation treatments on pasture growth and water-use efficiency. A rainfall deficit (potential evapotranspiration minus rainfall) of 20 mm was implemented to schedule irrigation, at which point 20, 16, 12, 8, or 0 mm of irrigation water was applied, referred to as treatments I100%, I80%, I60%, I40%, and I0%, respectively. The trial was a randomised complete block design with 4 replications. There were 21 irrigation events between October and April. The experimental area was grazed by 60 Holstein Friesian heifers at a grazing interval coinciding with emergence of 2.5–3.0 new ryegrass leaves/tiller of the I100% treatment. Cumulative pasture consumption for the irrigated period was 9.2, 8.9, 7.6, 6.9, and 3.7 t dry matter (DM)/ha for the I100%, I80%, I60%, I40%, and I0% treatments, respectively. The resulting marginal irrigation water-use index (MIWUI; marginal production due to irrigation) was 1.29, 1.54, 1.55, and 1.87 t DM/ML, for the I100%, I80%, I60%, and I40% treatments, respectively. The results of this study were modelled using the biophysical model DairyMod, with strong agreement between observed and modelled data. DairyMod was then used to simulate the MIWUI for 5 differing dairy regions of Tasmania using 40 years of climatic data (1968–2007) under 3 differing nitrogen management strategies by the 5 irrigation treatments. The modelling indicated that a MIWUI greater than 2 t DM/ML can be achieved in all regions. The current study has shown that the opportunity exists for irrigated pastoral systems to better manage an increasingly scarce resource and substantially improve responses to irrigation.

scholarly journals Impact of Conservation Agriculture on Growth, Yield and Quality of Banana (Musa spp.) Cv. Grand Naine

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraj Prakash ◽  
Radhey Shyam ◽  
Janardan Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Conventional Irrigation

A field experiment was carried out during 2017-2019 in the Seemanchal area  of Bihar, India to study the effect of conventional  irrigation and conservation  on growth, yield, nutrient uptake, fruit quality and irrigation water use efficiency of banana. The treatments consisted of two levels of irrigation (recommended irrigation and 75% of recommended irrigation) and three levels of fertilizer (50, 75 and 100% of recommended NPK fertilizers) including surface irrigation and conventional soil fertilization was laid out in a Split Plot Block Design. The results showed that improved growth, yield, fruit quality and irrigation water use efficiency were obtained under conservation compared to surface or conventional irrigation. The increasing levels of conservation practices consistently and significantly increased all these characteristics. However, conventional irrigation at 75% of recommended irrigation at 75% RDF produced maximum growth, yield and fruit quality attributes and higher irrigation water use efficiency.

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