Perbandingan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Filtrat Aquadest Umbi Bawang Suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Streptococcus pneumoniae Dan Escherichia coli Dengan Metode Difusi Cakram Kirby-Bauer

Infectious diseases are one of the most frequent diseases of major health problems, caused by bacteria are still beinga health problem in developing countries as well as in developed countries. One of the mostly occurred respiratorytract infection is pneumonia, this caused by Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae. Gastrointestinaldiseases that are often caused by gram-negative bacterial infections Escherichia coli. Local plant which can be foundin Central Kalimantan are Suna onion (Allium schoenoprasum L.). Suna onion (Allium schoenoprasum L.).Researchpurposes. Research was conducted to determine the influence of the Suna’s bulb (Allium schoenoprasum L.) filtratedby aquadest with a simple filtration technique on the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia usingKirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion method. Method. This type of research is true experimental design research. The designused in this study was post test-only control group design. This research uses 7 treatment groups, with concentrationsof 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%. Aquadest as a negative control, Erytromycin and Cifrofloxacin as positivecontrols. The method used for testing the antibacterial activity are Kirby-BaueDisk Diffusionmethod.The resultsfound that the aquadest tuber extract of onion cannot inhibit the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae andEscherichia coli. Conclusion. Aquadest filtrate of onion tubers (Allium schoenprasum L.) cannot inhibit the growthof Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli

1-Methylcyclopropene Preserves the Quality of Chive (Allium schoenoprasum L.) by Enhancing Its Antioxidant Capacities and Organosulfur Profile during Storage

The quality, antioxidant capacities, and organosulfur profile of chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.) treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) during storage were investigated in this study. The 1-MCP treatment (100 μL/L, fumigation 12 h at 20 °C) effectively inhibited tissue respiration and H2O2 production, enhanced the ascorbic acid (ASA) and glutathione (GSH) content, and promoted the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase SOD, Catalase CAT, and ascorbic peroxidase APX) during the 5-day storage period at 20 °C. The result further showed that the 1-MCP treatment inhibited chlorophyll degradation, alleviated cell membrane damage, and delayed the chive senescence, with the yellowing rate being reduced by 67.8% and 34.5% in the 1-MCP treated chives on days 4 and 5 of storage at 20 °C, respectively. The free amino acid content of the chive was not affected by the 1-MCP treatment at 20 °C. However, the senescence rate of the chive was not reduced by the 1-MCP treatment when stored at 3 °C. The liquid chromatography data further showed that the 1-MCP treatment induced a 15.3% and 13.9% increase in the isoalliin and total S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides (ACSOs) content of the chive on day 2 at 20 °C, respectively. Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between ACSOs content and CAT/APX activity, indicating that ACSOs probably played a key role in enhancing the antioxidant capacities of the chive during storage at 20 °C. Thus the study efficiently demonstrates that 1-methylcyclopropene preserves the quality of chive (Allium schoenoprasum L.) by enhancing its antioxidant capacities and organosulfur profile during storage.

Digital morphometry of onion seeds

Relevance. One of the problematic issues in crop production remains the quality of sown seeds. Vegetable plants during the period of generative development are demanding to the conditions of light and heat supply, but the conditions of most regions of our country cannot meet these requirements. Post-harvest refinement and pre-treatment of seeds is also not carried out at the proper level. There are no reliable informative tools for analyzing seed quality. Employees of the FSBSI FSVC, Agrophysical Research Institute and Argus-Bio LLC are developing a method of digital morphometry of vegetable seeds.Methods. The material for the studies was the seeds of various samples of varieties of the genus Allium: Allium cristophii Trautv., Allium schoenoprasum L., Allium fistulosum L. Digital images of seeds were obtained using the HP Scanjet 200 tablet scanner, BMP, TIFF, JPG save file format, 600 DPI resolution. Morphometric analysis of digital scanned images of seeds was carried out on the basis of the Agrophysical Research Institute using the serial software Argus-BIO, manufactured by Argus Soft LLC, St. Petersburg.Results. Analysis of the color characteristics of seeds (values of color components according to the RGB model) Allium cristophii Trautv. revealed a statistically significant decrease in all color channels in the row from the lower tier – the upper, which is an indicator of different levels of maturity. Seeds of various samples of Allium schoenoprasum L. in size (projection area) varied significantly within the species from 2.39 to 3.06 mm2 , in shape they also turned out to be unaligned: elliptical with an elongation factor of 1.99 to 2.21 relative units. Analysis of morphometric parameters of seeds of varieties Allium fistulosum L. made it possible to distinguish the influence of natural and genetic factors on these parameters: the factor of the year had a significant effect (from 43.5% to 45.4%), the factor of the variety – from 39.5% to 43.2%, on the main morphometric parameters of seeds. So, a new approach to seed quality analysis is presented, which includes rapid digital morphometry, data modeling and their integration with standard ISTA tests.

Purification, Characterization, and Self-Assembly of the Polysaccharide from Allium schoenoprasum

The major polysaccharide component from the stalk of Allium schoenoprasum (AssP) was extracted and purified. Gel filtration chromatography purified AssP exhibited a molecular weight of around 1.7 kDa, which was verified by MALDI-ToF-MS. The monosaccharide analysis revealed its composition as rhamnose: arabinose: galactose: glucose: mannose: fructose with a molar ratio of 0.03:2.46:3.71:3.35:1.00:9.93, respectively. The Congo-red assay indicated that there was no tertiary structure of this polysaccharide, however, it self-assembled into a homogenous nanoparticle with a diameter of ~600 nm as revealed by the dynamic light scattering measurement. The solution behavior of this polysaccharide was simulated. The association of this polysaccharide was both time dependent and concentration dependent. AssP forms spherical particles spontaneously as time passes by, and when the AssP concentration increased, the spherical particles increased their sizes and eventually merged into cylindrical micelles. The diversity of AssP hydrodynamic behavior endowed potential versatility in its future applications.

Short report: Aqueous extract of chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.) plant impairs erythrocyte deformability in sickle cell patients

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic disorder characterized by chronic hemolysis and the presence of erythrocytes with low deformability, which may trigger vaso-occlusive crises. We tested the in-vitro effects of aqueous extract of vhives (Allium schoenoprasum L.) on erythrocyte deformability of SCA patients. Blood samples from 6 apparently healthy volunteers and 5 SCA patients were collected into heparin coated tubes. Both apparently healthy and SCA patient blood samples were incubated with 80μg/mL chives plant aqueous extract at 37°C for 60 min and erythrocyte deformability was measured by ektacytometry (3 Pa and 30 Pa; 37°C). Results of incubation of apparently healthy blood samples with plant extract showed that incubation did not alter erythrocyte deformability significantly. However, for SCA blood samples, erythrocyte deformability decreased significantly with plant extract exposure at 3 Pa (p < 0.043) and 30 Pa (p < 0.043). In conclusion, although ex-vivo incubation with plant extract does not fully model gastrointestinal processing of onions, the decrease in SCA erythrocyte deformability following incubation with aqueous chives should stimulate further studies to test the in-vivo effects of this diet in sickle cell mice.

Ragam Jenis Streptomyces Sp pada Rizosfer Tanaman Suku Liliacea di Kawasan Desa Sumber Bening

Streptomyces is a gram-positive bacterium of the Actinomycetes group. These bacteria are known as beneficial bacteria in human life, both for humans themselves and for plants. The secondary metabolites of Streptomyces can be used as an antibacterial, antifungal, insecticide for plants and as an anthelmintic for humans. This research is motivated by the absence of research that discusses Streptomyces sp in the plant rhizosphere of the Liliaceae tribe in the Sumber bening village area. So that researchers are interested in doing this research. This study aims to determine the diversity of Streptomyces sp in the soil rhizosphere of Liliaceae plants in the Sumber Bening area. This study uses the Research and Development method. The study was conducted by isolating Streptomyces sp from the Rizosphere of three plants of the Liliaceae tribe, namely shallots (Allium cepa), Onions (Allium fistulosum) and Kucai (Allium schoenoprasum L) using YPGA medium (Yeast Peptone Dextrose Agar) and pouring down isolation techniques. After the isolates are obtained, the isolates will be purified by means of a scratch technique. Pure Streptomyces sp isolates were identified based on their morphological characteristics both microscopically and macroscopically. The results showed that there were 11 species of Streptomyces sp found in three Liliaceae plant rhizosphere with 6 species found in the onion rhizosphere, 3 species found in the leek rhizosphere and 2 species found in the rhizosphere of chives. There are Streptomyces griseourubiginosus, Streptomyces albovinaceus, Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces albohelvatus, Streptomyces viridaris, Streptomyces hirsutus, Streptomyces nigrescens, Streptomyces herbaricolor, Streptomyces aureofaciens, Streptomyces nigrogriceolus,dan Streptomyces albolongus.

Microbial Flow Within an Air-Phyllosphere-Soil Continuum

The phyllosphere is populated by numerous microorganisms. Microbes from the wider environment, i.e., air and soil, are considered key contributors to phyllosphere microbial communities, but their contribution is unclear. This study seeks to address this knowledge gap by controlling the movement of microbes along the air-phyllosphere-soil continuum. Customized equipment with dual chambers was constructed that permitted airflow to enter the first chamber while the second chamber recruited filtered microbe-free air from the initial chamber. Allium schoenoprasum (chive) and Sonchus oleraceus (sow thistle) were cultivated in both chambers, and the microbial communities from air, phyllosphere, and soil samples were characterized. Shares of microbial OTUs in the equipment suggested a potential interconnection between the air, phyllosphere, and soil system. Fast expectation-maximization microbial source tracking (FEAST) suggested that soil was the major source of airborne microbial communities. In contrast, the contribution of airborne and soil microbes to phyllosphere microbial communities of either A. schoenoprasum or S. oleraceus was limited. Notably, the soilborne microbes were the only environmental sources to phyllosphere in the second chamber and could affect the composition of phyllosphere microbiota indirectly by air flow. The current study demonstrated the possible sources of phyllosphere microbes by controlling external airborne microbes in a designed microcosm system and provided a potential strategy for recruitment for phyllosphere recruitment.