scholarly journals Can Agricultural Biotechnology Help Guava Growing in Temperate Climate

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 861B-861
Author(s):  
Bipul K. Biswas* ◽  
Nirmal Joshee ◽  
Anand K. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium

Guava (Psidium guajava L.), also called `apple of tropics,' is immensely nutraceutical and horticulturally important. Being a tropical plant, it cannot stand temperatures below 25° F and needs frost protection to grow in temperate regions. To adapt in cold climate, cold hardy guava cultivars are needed. Conventional ways are uneconomic in time and efforts. Still, transgenic plants developed using biotechnological approaches of tissue culture and rDNA technology, appear to have great potential. Thus, protocols for in vitro propagation of guava were developed via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis using nodal explants from mature trees and young zygotic embryos, respectively. Nodal explants induced multiple shoots when cultured on MS medium fortified with KIN, BAP and Ad.S. Adding a (NO3)2 to medium was useful to prevent in vitro shoot tip browning of adventitious shoots. Rocker liquid culture greatly increased growth of multiple shoots compared to the agar-based medium. It appears to be a good tool for woody plant tissue culture. Induction of somatic embryos in guava was also achieved on MS medium supplemented with IAA auxin. About 80% to 90% somatic embryos germinated normally. To achieve Agro-bacterium-mediated gene transfer in guava, on-going co-cultivation of organogenic tissues of guava is to optimize protocols for freeze tolerance gene (CBF1, CBF2, CBF3) transfer. Plasmid vectors containing selectable markers (nptII gene for antibiotic selection and GUS reporter gene as scorable gene mediated selection), with CaMV 35S promoter gene has been introduced into guava tissues and the resultant plants showed antibiotic resistance. Details of the experimental procedures and up-to-date results will be discussed.

scholarly journals In vitro Flowering of Shoots Regenerated from Cultured Nodal Explants

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kantamaht KANCHANAPOOM ◽  
Suttinee JINGJIT ◽  
Kamnoon KANCHANAPOOM
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
In Vitro Flowering ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Gypsophila Paniculata ◽  
Initial Culture

A protocol for the regeneration of Gypsophila paniculata L. using nodal explants from 2-month-old field grown plants was established. The induction of multiple shoots was best obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 13.3 μM BA. Callus growth was observed on MS medium containing 44.3 μM BA. Calluses were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D (4.5, 13.5, 22.6 μM), NAA (5.3, 16.1, 26.8 μM) or BA (4.4, 13.3, 22.1 μM) for 2 months to induce shoot formation. After 6 weeks of initial culture, multiple shoots were regenerated from calluses cultured on MS medium supplemented with 13.3 μM BA. All regenerated shoots produced roots on 16.1 μM NAA containing MS medium within 4 weeks. Rooted plantlets were hardened and established in pots at 100% survival. For induction of in vitro flowering, regenerated shoots could be induced to flower efficiently when cultured on MS medium containing 13.3 μM BA and 50 g/l sucrose.

scholarly journals Mass Propagation of Feronia limonia L. through Tissue Culture

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahina Islam ◽  
Mosfequa Zahan ◽  
Shahina Akter ◽  
Tanjina Akhtar Banu ◽  
Ahashan Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Mass Propagation

An efficient mass propagation method for Feronia limonia was developed from excised shoot tips and nodal explants of in vitro grown seedlings. Explants were cultured on MS medium with different conc. of NAA, Kn, IAA and BAP singly or in combinations. Highest number of micro shoots and better plant growth were obtained from these two explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l BAP alone. The regenerated shoots were successfully rooted on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA. The in vitro raised plantlets were successfully established in soil following the formation of roots with 100% survivability under ex vitro condition. Key words: Feronia limonia; Mass propagation; Node; Shoot tips; Multiple shoot DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i1.5186 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(1), 75-78, 2010

scholarly journals High-frequency Direct Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Regeneration from Leaves Derived from In Vitro-Germinated Seedlings of a Coffea arabica Hybrid Cultivar

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1148-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Kahia ◽  
Margaret Kirika ◽  
Hudson Lubabali ◽  
Sinclair Mantell
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryogenic Cultures ◽  
Half Strength

Breeding work carried out during the period 1971–85 by the Coffee Research Institute, Ruiru, Kenya resulted in the release of a new improved hybrid Coffea arabica named Ruiru 11. The cultivar combines resistance to coffee berry disease (CBD) and leaf rust, with high yield and good cup quality attributes. The propagation by F1 hybrid seeds production, cuttings, and tip grafting do not produce enough planting materials. There was a need to explore alternative methods and tissue culture offers potential options. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of explant sources and cytokinins on induction and regeneration of somatic embryos. Eight different explants were cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 10 µm benzylaminopurine (BAP). The effect of kinetin, N6-(2-isopentyl) adenine (2iP) evaluated at (0, 0.5, 5, or 25 µm) or thidiazuron (TDZ) (0, 0.5, 1.0, or 5 µm) added in separate experiments was also evaluated. The percentage of embryogenic cultures and the numbers of embryos per explant were determined after 3 months’ culture. The explant type had a significant effect (P > 0.05) on the induction of somatic embryos. Explants from in vitro-germinated seedlings produced the highest embryogenic cultures (90%) and the highest mean number of embryos (19.36) per explant. Cytokinins strongly enhanced induction and regeneration of somatic embryos. TDZ at 1 µm produced the highest embryogenic cultures (100%) and the highest mean number of embryos (24.2). The embryos were germinated on half-strength MS medium without any hormones. A high (98%) survival rate of the regenerated plantlets was recorded over all the treatments in the greenhouse. This is the first report on induction of high-frequency direct somatic embryos from coffee juvenile tissues. This is of great significance in tissue culture and indeed molecular biology manipulations because it allows regeneration of coffee from several explants.

scholarly journals Coconut Tissue Culture: The Indian Initiatives, Experiences and Achievements

CORD ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Anitha Karun
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Immature Inflorescence ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

Coconut is one of the principal crops of India cultivated in over 35 districts mainly in the southern states. The productivity of the crop is declining in many of the traditionally cultivated regions owing to ageing plantations as well as biotic and abiotic stresses. These plantations are to be replanted with high yielding varieties/hybrids for which adequate quantity of quality planting material is not available. Even though tissue culture research was initiated in many laboratories in the country, the work was eventually phased out in most of the laboratories for want of a repeatable protocol.  At ICAR-CPCRI, coconut tissue culture programs have been continuing for the past three decades. The attempts made include experimentation with different explants viz., immature inflorescence, plumular tissues, mature palm shoot meristem, ovary and anthers and different culture media supplemented with varying levels and types of hormones. Some of the successful protocols developed at the Institute include coconut zygotic embryo culture for collection and exchange of germplasm, cryopreservation and retrieval of zygotic embryos and pollen and plantlet regeneration from plumular tissues. Even though ICAR-CPCRI has succeeded in obtaining plantlets via direct organogenesis from inflorescence explants, the absence of friable calli formation from explants, the low rate of somatic embryo formation, large number of cultures turning to abnormal shoot development, non conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets, and formation of abnormal somatic embryos remain the major bottlenecks. Gene expression studies are being currently undertaken to decipher the molecular basis of in vitro recalcitrance.

scholarly journals Effect of Growth Regulators on In Vitro Morphogenic Response of Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. Poir. Using Mature Zygotic Embryos Explants

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussien H. Daffalla ◽  
Eltayb Abdellatef ◽  
Elsadig A. Elhadi ◽  
Mutasim M. Khalafalla
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Boscia Senegalensis

The percent study describes the in vitro responses of mature zygotic embryos of Boscia senegalensis to different concentrations (0.0–5.0 mg/L) of 6-benzyladnine (BA), Thidiazuron (TDZ), α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) supplemented on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS). The plant growth regulators (PGRs) were considerably affected the morphogenetic responses. BA produced adventitious shoots through two ways: direct organogenesis and auxiliary shoot formation. Both 2, 4-D and TDZ tend to produce callus, whereas NAA improve the development of embryos to seedlings. Maximum number of shoots/explant (14.8 ± 0.6) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L BA. 67.0% of excised shoots were rooted either on 1/2 MS medium augmented with or without 0.25 mg/L IBA. The highest number of roots (1.2 ± 0.4) and root length (0.5 ± 0.2 cm) was produced on 0.25 mg/L IBA-containing medium. Regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized and transferred to the green house with 70% survival rate. All the plants appeared morphologically uniform with normal growth pattern. A rapid (30 days), efficient and without subculturing protocol for in vitro regeneration of B. senegalensis was developed.

scholarly journals PLANT REGENERATION OF AVOCADO (PERSEA AMERICANA MILL) IN VITRO

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 696d-696
Author(s):  
Yaseen Mohamed-Yaseen ◽  
Raymond J. Schnell ◽  
Robert J. Knight ◽  
T.L. Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Phenolic Oxidation

A procedure was developed to regenerate plants via tissue culture from embryonic axes of mature avocado seeds. Explants were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzyladenine (BA) and naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) or thidiazuron (TDZ) and NAA. Culture were kept in the dark for 7-10 days to reduce browning resulting from phenolic oxidation. Multiple shoots (5-8) were formed after transfer to light. Further multiplication were achieved using different combination of BA and NAA or TDZ and NAA. Shoots were cultured in MS supplemented with 2mg/l indolebutyric acid (IBA) for 2 weeks then transferred to MS supplemented with lg/l activated charcoal for root induction. Complete plants were obtained in vitro.

scholarly journals Effects of N-Benzyl -9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl and Indole –3-Acetic Acid In Vitro Culture of Bauhinia purpurea L.

2019 ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Belai Meeta Suwal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Bauhinia Purpurea ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

<p>Bauhinia purpurea L. is a leguminous plant moderate sized tree with multipurpose value. It is distributed in sub-Himalayan tracts. It has been cultivated in the plain region up to the elevation of 1350 m. Mature seeds of Bauhinia purpurea L. were cultured on half strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium. Nodal explants obtained from germinated seedlings were cultured on MS medium containing 0.5 M BAP produced multiple shoots which were used for experimental purposes. Nodal explants obtained from cultured were subcultured on different concentrations of N-Benzyl -9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl) (BPA) and Indole-3acetic acid (IAA). The best proliferation of nodes and shoots were observed on the MS medium supplemented with 0.5 M BPA and 0.1 M IAA. After 8 weeks of culture, the propagated plants were acclimatized and transferred to the sand box containing 1:1 soil and sand. Well rooted plants were then established in the field. All the data collected were worked out statistically with SPSS, a system of analytical procedure.</p>

scholarly journals High Frequency In Vitro Propagation of Adhatoda vasica Nees through Shoot Tip and Nodal Explants Culture

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Khalekuzzaman ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MH Rashid ◽  
MS Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Adhatoda Vasica ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Key Words Micropropagation

An efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of Adhatoda vasica Nees was established using shoot tip and nodal explants from field grown mature plant. Proliferation of multiple shoots was achieved on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of cytokinins (0.5-4.0 mg/l) and auxins (0.1-1.0 mg/l). Maximum number of shoots per explant (13.0) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l NAA. Among two types of explants used in this study, nodal explants showed better response in respect of multiple shoot production. The elongated shoots were excised and subcultured for rooting on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of auxins (IBA and NAA). Highest 80% rooting was achieved; and three to four roots per shoot were recorded in medium with 1.0 mg/l IBA within 4 weeks of culture. The in vitro raised plantlets were acclimatized and successfully transferred to natural condition in pot. The regenerated plants were healthy, uniform and identical to the donor plants and the survival percentage was 80%. Key words: Micropropagation, Adhatoda vasica, shoot tip, nodal explant.   DOI:10.3329/jbs.v16i0.3739 J. bio-sci. 16: 35-39, 2008

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos of Euterpe oleracea Mart.

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana da Silva Ledo ◽  
Osmar Alves Lameira ◽  
Abdellatif Kemaleddine Benbadis ◽  
Ilmarina Campos de Menezes ◽  
Maria do Socorro Padilha de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Vegetable Material ◽  
Morphogenetic Responses ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea Mart

The aim of this work was to study the morphogenetic responses of zygotic embryos of açai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) submitted to several conditions of in vitro culture. Several research experiments were conducted, in laboratory, using vegetable material collected from açai palm plants at Embrapa Amazon Oriental, Belém-PA, Brazil. It was possible to verify the expression of a direct, repetitive and no-synchronized model of somatic embryogenesis in mature zygotic embryos cultivated in primary MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (339.36 muM) and transferred to a secondary MS medium in the presence of NAA (0.537 muM) and 2iP (12.30 muM). The conversion of somatic embryos into seedlings was reached after 210 days with the transfer of the cultures to a third medium with sucrose and mineral salts concentrations reduced to a half, without growth regulators.

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