Carbon Footprint in Vegeburger Production Technology Using a Prototype Forming and Breading Device

The aim of the research was to develop a laboratory test stand for forming vegeburgers and to determine the carbon footprint of vegeburger production technology with the addition of frozen vegetable outgrades. This vegetable material is waste from frozen food production. During the research, unique recipes for vegeburgers fabricated of vegetable outgrades, potatoes, fiber, potato flour, salt and spices were also developed. The physicochemical properties, texture and color of vegeburgers were determined. The CO2 to kWh conversion factor, with a value of 0.765 kg CO2∙kWh−1 was used to calculate the carbon footprint. Vegeburgers obtained during the study were characterized by protein content ranging from 2.05 to 2.29 g 100 g−1, carbohydrate content from 7.27 to 10.36 g 100 g−1, fiber content ranging from 3.97 to 4.92 g 100 g−1 and fat content was at the level of 0.20–0.24 g 100 g−1. The amount of sodium did not exceed 1 g 100 g−1. The amount of disqualifying nutrients (fat, trans fat, saturated fat and cholesterol) was significantly lower compared to similar products on the market. The conducted analyses showed that the highest CO2 emission occurred during the blanching process. The proportion of this process for small productions (2.0 kg) ranged from 62% to 68%. The process of vegeburger formation had the second largest percentage in emissions and accounts for 22% to 24% for small productions (2.0 kg). The total carbon footprint was 1.09–1.13 kg CO2/kg of product, respectively, i.e., about 0.10–0.12 kg CO2 per one vegeburger. The research demonstrated that the process of producing vegeburgers from vegetable outgrades is a low-emission process compared with other agri-food technologies. Considering the above, this study allows for improvement of the management of waste from frozen food production, and is also the basis for the development of low-emission agri-food technologies.

The Effect Consumption of Red Spinach Juice on Hemoglobin on Pregnant Woman

Iron needs doubled from pre-pregnancy needs. This happens because during pregnancy, blood volume increases 50%, so it needs more iron to form hemoglobin One source of iron from vegetable material is red spinach (amaranthus tricolor L). One source of iron from vegetable material is red spinach (amaranthus tricolor L) to prevent anemia. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of red spinach juice on changes in hemoglobin levels in pregnant mothers of the third trimester. at Panglayungan Health Center Tasikmalaya. The research method used is pre-experimental design. The population in this study were all trimester pregnant women III at Panglayungan Health Center Tasikmalaya as many as 153 people, with purposive sampling technique, with the number of samples counted 24 people. The results showed that Hemoglobin concentration in pregnant mother of trimester III before giving treatment by giving red spinach juice, have mean of Hb level equal to 9,7 g% including light category and after given red spinach juice Hb content has a mean Hb level of 10.2 g%. The conclusion of this research is the influence of the consumption of red spinach juice to the change of Hemoglobin content in pregnant mother of trimester III at Panglayungan City Health Center Tasikmalaya, proved with level of significance (ρvalue) 0.000 less than α (0,05). Keywords: Red Spinach Juice, Hb Level

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЛАБОРАТОРНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПРОЦЕССА РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ РАБОЧЕГО РАСТВОРА В СОЛОМЕ

При проведении полевых испытаний машины для утилизации незерновой части урожая в качестве удобрения было установлено, что при установке вылета форсунки за распределительные заслонки возможно разделять поток измельчённой растительной массы на два различных слоя. Первый слой обработанный рабочим раствором препарата, ускоряющего процесс разложения второй, из растительного материала, проходит над соплом распылительных форсунок и остаётся сухим (не обработанным рабочим раствором). Так, при установке крайних значений вылета форсунки за распределительные заслонки max45 мм и min0 мм при помощи тепловизора засвидетельствовали образование необработанного слоя над обработанным по разности их температур. Рабочий раствор готовится путём смешивания биологических удобрений с водой, температура раствора не более 5-10 С, а температура соломы в валке составляет 22 С и более. Была выдвинута гипотеза о том, что верхний, не обработанный рабочим раствором, слой может защищать нижний, обработанный, от воздействия окружающей среды и исключить испарение рабочего раствора до момента заделки удобрения в почву. В результате лабораторных исследований были получены нелинейные зависимости изменения влажности и температуры внутри слоя соломы, обработанной рабочим раствором. Было установлено, что первые 20 минут после обработки влага под действием силы тяжести стремительно перемещается в нижнюю часть слоя, после чего начинает подниматься вверх и испаряться. В полевых условиях измельчённая и обработанная рабочим раствором растительная масса попадает на почву хорошо перемешенная и с усвоенной влагой более 90, что приводит к интенсивному её испарению. Необработанный слой соломы, уложенный поверх обработанного, может считаться защитным и при условии их равенства по толщине способен сдерживать интенсивность испарения до 1 часа при температуре воздуха не более 25 С.During field tests of the machine for recycling the non-dead part of the crop as a fertilizer, it was found that when changing the flow of the nozzle behind the distribution shutters, it is possible to divide the flow of crushed plant mass into two different layers. The first - treated with working solution of preparation accelerating decomposition process and the second, from vegetable material, which passes over nozzle of spraying nozzles and remains dry (not treated with working solution). Thus, when setting the extreme values of the nozzle departure beyond the distribution flaps max 45 mm and min 0 mm with the help of a thermal imager, the formation of an untreated layer above the temperature-differential treated layer was witnessed. Working solution prepares by mixing of biological fertilizers with water, with a temperature of solution no more than 5 of -10 With, and straw temperature in a roll is 22 With and more. It has been hypothesized that the top layer not treated with the working solution can protect the bottom layer treated from the environment and avoid evaporation of the working solution until the fertiliser is embedded in the soil. Laboratory studies resulted in non-linear changes in humidity and temperature within the straw layer treated with the working solution. It was found that the first 20 minutes after the treatment, moisture is rapidly moved by gravity to the bottom of the layer, after which it begins to rise and evaporate. Under field conditions ground and treated with working solution plant mass will get on soil well mixed and with absorbed moisture more than 90, which leads to its intensive evaporation. The processed straw layer laid over processed can be considered as protective and on condition of their equality on thickness, is capable to constrain intensity of evaporation till 1 oclock at air temperature no more than 25 .

Be Aware of a Potential Pitfall in Oral and Dental Specimens: Alvogyl Fibers

Alvogyl dressing is used to help control hemostasis, foster healing, and prevent complications after certain oral procedures. It is a paste composed of different antiseptic and analgesic substances, and fern-derived Penghawar djambi fibers that have styptic properties. It is claimed to be a resorbable and self-eliminating paste with little complications. However, some studies have demonstrated detrimental effects. We report 3 cases of postextraction nonhealing sockets after Alvogyl dressing. Histologically, they demonstrated residual Alvogyl fibers with foreign body giant cell stromal reaction and complications that were clinically confused with abscess, cysts, infections, and neoplastic lesions. Being unaware of their histopathologic appearances, the foreign bodies in 2 cases were initially confused with fungal hyphae, parasitic ova, vegetable material, and other surgical and nonsurgical materials. To add to our confusion, they were periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Grocott methenamine silver (GMS) positive, septated, spiked, and calcified. A history of Alvogyl dressing was retrospectively found. Learning from our mistakes and being aware of the histologic manifestations of Alvogyl fibers, the third case was correctly spotted. Because Alvogyl fibers are undissolvable and are not spontaneously eliminated, they may, if left for a long period, elicit tumefactive foreign body giant cell stromal and epithelial reactions that can be confused with inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic lesions. Histologically, they can mimic infectious agents and noninfectious materials. Because history of dressing is not always provided, pathologists should be familiar with their histomorphologic features to avoid pitfalls and guide clinicians to correct diagnosis and management. In absence of history, certain histologic features are helpful hints.

Insights into the pathogenesis and clinicopathological spectrum of oral vegetable granuloma. Case series with literature review

Oral vegetable granuloma represents an inflammatory lesion of foreign body origin resulting from the implantation of vegetable matter. Controversy regarding its pathogenesis is reflected by the various terminologies used to describe the lesion. Its diverse clinical presentations are due to variations in the antigenic potential of the vegetable material and the host response. As the diagnosis is solely histopathological, it is critical to differentiate vegetable granuloma from other oral granulomatous lesions like tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and Wegner’s granulomatosis. Here, we report six cases with the varied clinicopathological presentation of hyaline ring granulomas in association with different pathological lesions.

Comportement Phénologique et MorphoPhysiologique de Quelques Génotypes d’orge et de blé

The study which we propose on this agro-diversity requires precise and methodological characterization of some specimens of germplasm. Thus, a number of characteristics relating to the vegetative apparatus, the reproductive system, and the grain were quantified throughout the life cycle of the plant. This is to say that it takes place from the sowing time to the time of maturation of the caryopsis (Grain). The description of three durum wheat genotypes (Triticum durum Desf.), three common wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.), and three of the barley genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L.) was carried out. This was in addition to phenology as well as the production characteristics (Agronomic characteristics) and adaptation characteristics. In particular, water deficit was adopted by the Vegetals Obtentions Protections Union (UPOV) from the year 1981. Also, it was expressed by Soltner in 1982 and 2005. Results obtained through the descriptive sheets and phenology show the existence of interesting intra and inter-specific variability that must be preserved, restored, and valorized. This is, however, performed on the vegetable material that are still available and whose genetic potential must be known precisely. Subsequently, we can suggest that the knowledge of cultivar phenology as well as the establishment of its descriptive sheet, as proposed by UPOV, is valuable as the prerequisite for any breeding program. Moreover, this constitutes a data-bank tow whose reference is made in the preservation and conservation of plant genetic resources.

Quantitative Aspect of Leucophyllum frutescens Fraction before and after Encapsulation in Polymeric Nanoparticles

The interest on plants has been focalized due to their biological activities. Extracts or fractions from plants in biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NP) provide many advantages on application studies. The encapsulation of the extract or fraction in NP is determined for the establishment of the test dose. HPLC method is an alternative to calculate this parameter. An analytical method based on HPLC for quantification of a hexane fraction from L. frutescens was developed and validated according to ICH. Different concentrations of the hexane fraction from leaves (HFL) were prepared (100–600 μg/mL). Linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and intra- and interday precision parameters were determined. HFL was encapsulated by nanoprecipitation technique and analyzed by HPLC for quantitative aspect. The method was linear and precise for the quantification of the HFL components. NP size was 190 nm with homogeneous size distribution. Through validation method, it was determined that the encapsulation of components (1), (2), (3), and (4) was 44, 74, 86, and 97%, respectively. A simple, repeatable, and reproducible methodology was developed for the propose of quantifying the components of a vegetable material loaded in NP, using as a model the hexane fraction of L. frutescens leaves.

Pulse Granulomas of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Gallbladder: Report of Five Cases

Hyaline rings with admixed multinucleated giant cells characterize pulse granulomas; the term pulse refers to edible seeds of legume vegetables. The etiology has been controversial, with theories including vascular degenerative changes or a reaction to vegetable material; ultrastructural studies and experimentally induced lesions in animals favor the latter. This lesion is typically seen in the oral cavity, with only rare reports in the gastrointestinal tract and gallbladder. We herein describe five cases of pulse granulomas identified in these sites. All cases contained foreign-body giant cells and vegetable debris within or near hyaline rings. Pulse granulomas may form mass lesions but are usually an incidental finding on microscopic examination. In incidentally detected cases, recognition of pulse granulomas can suggest a mural abscess, fistula, or perforation of the gut, findings which may not be grossly apparent. The presence of vegetable material in all five cases further supports an exogenous pathogenesis.

Studies on Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Rudbeckia triloba

The paper describes the physicochemical studies made on the decorative plant, Rudbeckia triloba (Asteraceae). For this purpose, essential oil, infusion, decoction, and hydroalcoholic macerate obtained from different aerial parts of Rudbeckia triloba were analyzed. The main phytochemical constituents identified by GC-MS analysis were found to be α-pinene (in dried leaves (46.0%) and flowers (40.1%)) and β-phellandrene (in essential oil of dried inflorescences (26.09%)). The Folin–Ciocalteu and quercetin assays revealed different values of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of petals, leaves, and seeds as a function of the solvent used and extraction procedure. The hydroalcoholic macerate of petals was found to present the maximum phenolic and flavonoid contents (130.29 ± 5.58 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry vegetable material and 30.72 ± 1.35 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry vegetable material, resp.) and also exhibits the lower value of EC50 (0.32% (v/v)), obtained by applying the DPPH⋅ assay. Comparing the extraction methods applied, the maceration was found to be the most effective for phenolic compounds, most likely due to the solvent (70% ethanol). The use of water-alcohol mixture leads to an improvement of the extraction yield of phenolic compounds (including those with higher molecular weights) than by using water as extractive solvent, in the case of infusions and decocts.