scholarly journals (283) Petal Color Changes in Carnation Plants Transformed with an Antisense DFR and a CHI Gene

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1051C-1051
Author(s):  
Kyung Hee Hwang ◽  
Byung Hwan Min ◽  
Haki Shin ◽  
Byung Joon Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Putative Transformants ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Selection Medium

To produce transgenic carnation plants expressing modified flower colors, cultivars of red-flowering carnation (`Desio' and `Garnet') were transformed with a antisense DFR gene encoding dihydroflavonol-4-reductase, and yellow-flowering carnations (`Pallas' and `Keumbyul') were introduced with a CHI gene encoding chalcone synthease isomerase. Explants of leaves, stems, and shoot tips were inoculated with Agrobacterium and grown overnight in induction broth supplemented with 0.2 mm acetosyringone. The cocultures of carnation explants were maintained in the light at 24 °C on one-half strength MS medium solidified with 0.3% Gelite and supplemented with 1.0 mg·L-1 BA for 10 days, and then were transferred to a selection medium containing 250 mg·L-1 cefotaxime/carbenicillin, 500 mg·L-1 kanamycin. They were subcultured every 2 weeks for over six times and regenerated. In `Garnet' and `Desio' carnation cultivars, a total of 146 plants was transformed with anti-sense DFR gene in pGA748/LBA4404. In yellow flowering cultivars `Pallas' and `Keumbyul', transformed with CHI gene in pGA748/LBA4404, 20 putative transformants obtained. The introduction of the transgenes were confirmed through PCR and flower color changes. Rates of phenotypic expression of the transgene, antisense DFR gene, vary among the transformants such as lighter pigmentation or chimeric discoloration, more prominently in outer petals of the flowers. Transgenic plants of chi gene bloomed flowers of lighter yellow petals in general. The most prominent phenotypic changes were discoloration of red strips on petals, which are typical characteristics of the cultivars.

scholarly journals Transformation of Nicotiana alata Link and Otto. with an Autoregulatory Senescence-inhibitor Gene Construct

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 617c-617
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Nicotiana Alata ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Cytokinin Synthesis ◽  
Senesced Leaves

Leaf explants of Nicotiana alata Link and Otto. were surface disinfested and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.66 μm N6-benzyladenine (BA) to promote shoot proliferation. After 5 weeks, proliferated shoots were removed and remaining callus saved. Callus was inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens encoding a senescence-specific promoter SAG12 cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana fused to a Agrobacterium tumefaciens gene encoding isopentenyl transferase which catalyzes cytokinin synthesis. Following inoculation, the callus was cocultivated for 6 days on BA medium. Selection for transgenics was done on BA medium plus 100 mg Kanamycin and 400 mg Ticarcillin (antibiotics) per liter. Proliferating shoots were rooted on MS medium containing antibiotics. Rooted cuttings were transplanted to soil, acclimated and flowered in the greenhouse. Transgenics were outcrossed to a commercial N. alata hybrid. Seed was germinated in vitro on half-strength MS medium plus antibiotics. Segregation of transgenics to nontransgenics was 1:1. Evaluation of leaf senescence on 5-month-old plants showed 2 to 14 times fewer senesced leaves on the transgenic than the nontransgenic plants.

scholarly journals Clonal fidelity of chrysanthemum regenerated from long term cultures

Genetika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sladjana Jevremovic ◽  
Milana Trifunovic ◽  
Marija Nikolic ◽  
Angelina Subotic ◽  
Ljiljana Radojevic
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
In Vitro Plants ◽  
One Year

Morphological characteristics of flowers of long term regenerated chrysanthemum, cv. "White Spider", after ten years of micropropagation are investigated. Shoot cultures are established and maintained more than ten years by stem segment culture on MS medium supplemented with BAP and NAA (1.0, 0.1 mgL-1, respectively). Rooting of shoots (100 %) has done on MS medium without hormones and it was very successful after ten years, as well as, after two or eight years of micropropagation. Acclimation of rooted chrysanthemum plantlets at greenhouse conditions was excellent and after appropriate photoperiod "in vitro" plants flowered 90.3 % and have the same flower color, shape and size as mother plants. Flower color changes of "in vitro" plants are observed during another flowering cycle one year after acclimatization. Observed variations of chrysanthemum flowers could be attributed to epigenetic factors.

scholarly journals Expression of the RolC Gene in Transgenic Plants of Salpiglossis sinuata L.

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 571e-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiwon W. Lee ◽  
Lijuan Wang ◽  
Shanqiang Ke ◽  
Mingbo Qin ◽  
Zong-Ming Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Transgenic Phenotype

The phenotypic expression and inheritance of the rolC gene in the transgenic plants of Salpiglossis sinuata L. were investigated. The chasmogamous salpiglossis plants with solid yellow flower color (ccrrDD) were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains LBA4404 and EHA101 carrying rolC, GUS, and NPTII genes via a leaf disc co-cultivation system. The transgenic plants were shorter in plant height, produced more branches with a compact growth habit, and developed smaller flowers and narrower leaves as compared to the control plant. While the transgenic plants showed the same corolla color and color shades as the parental line, they became male sterile. A backcross between a male-sterile transgenic plant (ccrrDD plus rolC) and a nontransformed red-flowering line (ccRRDD) produced a progeny with red flower color and the same altered growth habit as the transgenic female parent. Only 4 out of 32 plants in this progeny population showed the negative GUS staining as well as the non transgenic phenotype. These results suggest that at least two copies of the rolC gene were integrated into one homologous chromosome pair during transformation and that a cross-over event may have occurred during meiosis.

Laboratory Exercise on the Segregation of Flower Color and Related Genes Using Salpiglossis sinuata

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 555b-555
Author(s):  
Chiwon W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Pigmentation Pattern ◽  
Laboratory Exercise ◽  
Demonstration Plant ◽  
Corolla Color

Velvet flower (Salpiglossis sinuata, Solanaceae) can be used as an excellent demonstration plant for horticultural crop breeding classes. Salpiglossis produces large trumpet-like flowers exhibiting an assortment of corolla color and pigmentation pattern. The pistil is large (3 to 4 cm long) with a sticky stigmatal tip and anthers can be easily emasculated prior to anthesis. The large pollen grains are shed in tetrads, which can be separated and individually placed on the stigma. It takes 8 to 9 weeks from seeding to blooming, with a prolific flowering cycle repeated in flushes. Numerous seeds (about 750/capsule) are obtained in 3 weeks after self- or cross-pollination. The influences of three genes that control flower color and pigmentation pattern can be conveniently demonstrated with their dominant and recessive alleles. The R gene controls flower color with red (RR or Rr) being dominant over yellow (rr) flower color. The D gene controls the density of pigmentation with solid (DD or Dd) color being dominant over dilute (dd) color. Corolla color striping is controlled by the St gene with striped (stst) being recessive to non-striped (StSt or Stst) pattern. For example, by using diploid lines of genotypes RRDD (red, solid), RRdd (red, dilute), or rrdd (yellow, dilute) and their crosses, students can easily learn a dominant phenotypic expression in the F1 hybrid and the digenic 9:3:3:1 segregation ratio in the F2 progeny. Another gene (C) that controls flower opening can also be used to show its influence on cleistogamous (closed, self-pollinated, CC or Cc) versus normal chasmogamous (open-pollinated, cc) corolla development. In addition, the induction and use of polyploid (4X, 3X) plants in plant breeding can be effectively demonstrated using this species.

scholarly journals In vitro multiplication, micromorphological studies and ex vitro rooting of Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell. – a rare medicinal plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat ◽  
M. Manokari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Culture Bottle ◽  
Hybanthus Enneaspermus ◽  
Half Strength

AbstractHybanthus enneaspermusis a rare medicinal plant. We defined a protocol for micropropagation,ex vitrorooting of cloned shoots and their acclimatization. Surface-sterilized nodal segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (Kin). Medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1BAP was found optimum for shoot induction from the explants and 6.4±0.69 shoots were regenerated from each node with 97% response. Shoots were further proliferated maximally (228±10.3 shoots per culture bottle with 7.5±0.43 cm length) on MS medium augmented with 1.0 mg L−1each of BAP and Kin within 4–5 weeks. The shoots were rootedin vitroon half strength MS medium containing 2.0 mg L−1indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). The cloned shoots were pulse-treated with 300 mg L–1 of IBA and cultured on soilrite® in a greenhouse. About 96% of the IBA-pulsed shoots rootedex vitroin soilrite®, each shoot producing 12.5±0.54 roots with 5.1±0.62 cm length. Theex vitrorooted plantlets showed a better rate of survival (92%) in a field study thanin vitrorooted plantlets (86%). A comparative foliar micromorphological study ofH. enneaspermuswas conducted to understand the micromorphological changes during plant developmental processes fromin vitrotoin vivoconditions in terms of variations in stomata, vein structures and spacing, and trichomes. This is the first report onex vitrorooting inH. enneaspermusand the protocol can be exploited for conservation and large-scale propagation of this rare and medicinally important plant.

scholarly journals Dehiscence-related expression of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding a polygalacturonase in transgenic plants of Brassica napus

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. JENKINS ◽  
W. PAUL ◽  
M. CRAZE ◽  
C. A. WHITELAW ◽  
A. WEIGAND ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Gene Encoding

scholarly journals An Efficient Protocol for High-frequency Direct Multiple Shoot Regeneration from Internodes of Peppermint (Mentha x piperita)

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000501
Author(s):  
Sanjog T. Thul ◽  
Arun K. Kukreja
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Mentha X Piperita ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Multiple Shoot Regeneration

A simple, repeatable and efficient protocol for direct multiple shoot regeneration from internodal explants has been defined in peppermint ( Mentha x piperita var. Indus). In vitro regenerated shoots of peppermint were excised into 4 to 8 mm long internodes and cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with different cytokinins. In the hormonal assay, 3.0 mg L-l zeatin or 6-isopentenyl adenine independently supplemented to half strength MS medium exhibited multiple shoot regeneration, while thiaduzorn (0.1-3.0 mg L−1) showed no morphogenetic effect. A maximum of 85% in vitro cultured explants showed multiple shoot formation with an average of 7 shoots per explant on MS medium supplemented with zeatin. Multiple shoots were initiated within three weeks of cultivation. Internodes with regenerated multiple shoots were transferred to half - strength MS medium without supplementing with any plant growth hormone for shoot elongation and rhizogenesis. Rooted plants acclimatized and grew to maturity under glasshouse conditions. The plantlets developed were phenotypically identical to the parent plant and exhibited 96 % survival.

scholarly journals INDIRECT ORGANOGENESIS OF BOUCERSIA PROCUMBENS (GAMBLE) PLOWES - A RARE SUCCULENT PLANT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Karuppusamy S
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Indirect Organogenesis ◽  
Succulent Plant ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Callus Proliferation ◽  
Half Strength

Efficient protocols of callus culture indirect organogenesis were established for mature internodal segments of Boucerosia procumbens (Asclepiadoideae). When MS medium was supplemented with different concentration of auxins, the texture of the callus varied according to the nature of auxin. Optimum callus was developed on MS medium supplemented with 3mg/l IAA. Best response (65%) of callus proliferation was obtained when MS medium fortified with 2iP 2mg/l + Zeatin 0.5 mg/l. IAA was most effective in producing the highest frequency of organogenic culture. Regeneration of callus into plantlets could not be achieved inthe present study. The regenerated shoots were rooted on half strength MS medium fortified with 0.1 mg/l NAA. 57% of the rooted shootlets survived in the field.

scholarly journals IN VITRO REGENERATION AND MASS PROPAGATION OF AZIMA TETRACANTHA [LAM.] FROM THE LEAF EXPLANTS THROUGH CALLUS CULTURE

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Mallika Devi T
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Apical Leaf ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets ◽  
Azima Tetracantha

In the present study the protocol for callus induction and regeneration in Azima tetracantha has been developed in culture medium. The young apical leaf explants were used for callus induction on MS medium containing BAP and NAA at 1.0 and 0.4mgl-1 respectively showed maximum callus induction (73%). The amount of callus responded for shoot formation (74%) was obtained in the MS medium containing BAP (1.5 mgl-1) and NAA (0.3mgl-1).The elongated shoots were rooted on half strength medium supplemented with IBA (1.5 mgl-1) and Kn (0.4 mgl-1) for shoots rooted. Regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized and hardened off inside the culture and then transferred to green house with better survival rate.

scholarly journals Effect of explant type on the rooting and acclimatization of Dianthus serotinus Waldst. & Kit.

2014 ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Marija Markovic ◽  
Mihailo Grbic ◽  
Dragana Skocajic ◽  
Matilda Djukic
Keyword(s):  
Ms Medium ◽  
Explant Type ◽  
Single Node ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Terminal Buds

The effect of the concentration of MS salts and explant type on D. serotinus rooting and acclimatization was investigated in order to optimize a protocol for the micropropagation of this species. The obtained results showed that explant type as well as the concentration of MS salts had a significant effect on rooting, and the highest rooting rate (85-86,7%) was achieved when culturing single-node cuttings and terminal buds on a half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0,5 mgL-1 NAA. Nevertheless, mean number of roots per explant was higher on the MS media (15,3-18,6) than on the half-strength MS media (11,8-13,4). The best acclimatization rate was obtained in a 4:1 mixture of peat and sand (83,3-86,7%). The explant type from which in vitro plantlets developed had no effect on the acclimatization rate.

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