Environmental Policy and the Size Distribution of Firms

Abstract What effect did trade have on the size distribution of firms during the first wave of globalization? Three historical datasets from the German Empire between 1875 and 1907 were collected and harmonized to answer this question. This paper combines industry census and bilateral railway trade data from the same industry and region along with industry-level tariff data. The evidence shows that increases in aggregate trade caused the share of firms to shift from smaller to larger firms. Exogenous decreases in tariffs caused an increase in the share of the largest firms. The regional distributive effects of trade on inequality between firms that are discussed in the contemporaneous literature were already present during the first wave globalization.

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A Stochastic Analysis of the Size Distribution of Firms

Journal of the American Statistical Association ◽

10.1080/01621459.1958.10501486 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 53 (284) ◽

pp. 893-904 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Irma G. Adelman

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Stochastic Analysis ◽

Size Distribution Of Firms

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The Changing Size Distribution of California's North Coast Wineries

Journal of Wine Economics ◽

10.1017/jwe.2014.4 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 51-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Don Cyr ◽

Joseph Kushner ◽

Tomson Ogwang

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Small Firms ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Nonparametric Density Estimation ◽

Wine Industry ◽

Estimation Methods ◽

North Coast ◽

Size Distribution Of Firms ◽

Goodness Of Fit Tests ◽

Kernel Density Estimates

AbstractIn this paper, we use three different goodness-of-fit tests for log-normality in conjunction with kernel nonparametric density estimation methods to examine both the size distribution of California North Coast wineries over time and by age. Our kernel density estimates indicate that the size distribution of wineries has changed from positively skewed to bimodal. These results are inconsistent with those in other industries, but are consistent with recent empirical research in the wine industry, which finds that smaller firms are comprising a larger component of market share. In terms of the distribution of firm size by age, our results indicate that as wineries age, the size distribution of firms becomes less skewed and more bimodal, which is also inconsistent with the research on other industries which finds that as firms age, the size distribution becomes more normal. Our results indicate that unlike other industries, where entry is very difficult, small firms can enter the wine industry and survive. (JEL Classifications: L11, L22, L25)

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