Income Diversification and Income Inequality: Household Responses to the 2013 Floods in Pakistan

In this paper we investigate the economic response of rural households to the 2013 floods in Pakistan. The case study illustrates the important roles of labor supply adjustments and income diversification in coping with climate-related risks. Using detailed household panel data that were collected before and after the 2013 floods, we find that the exposure to flood results in lower participation in farm activities. The overall effects are decreased diversification in the sources of income and ambiguous reduction in inequality which is associated with overall declines in incomes. These changes could be locked in if affected households do not have sufficient assets to resume farming. The results suggest intervention points for public policy, related to labor mobility and access to capital.

Labor Markets

What is the labor market? Like the goods and services markets, a labor market consists of the supply and demand sides. In the labor market, while workers supply labor, firms demand labor. This chapter studies the backward-bending nature of the labor supply curve and the downward-sloping nature of the labor demand curve. We also analyze the labor market equilibrium in a perfectly competitive labor market. Several policies such as immigration and minimum wage will be introduced to illustrate how government policies affect the labor market equilibrium.

The Amur Oblast labor market stability against the backdrop of the new coronavirus disease spread

Subject. This article examines the impact of the spread of a new coronavirus disease on the condition of the labor market of the Amur Oblast. Objectives. The article aims to identify trends in the development of the labor market of the Amur Oblast in the coronavirus spread context. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of statistical and comparative analyses. Results. The article finds that the restrictions imposed in order to prevent the spread of the new coronavirus infection have had an effect on the labor market in the Amur Oblast. It notes the deformation of the structure of demand for labor and labor supply in the Amur Oblast at present. Conclusions. Currently, government support for the population, including the employed and unemployed, and enterprises of various forms of ownership is of particular importance.