scholarly journals Heat and Water Budget over the Japan Sea and the Japan Islands in Winter Season

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ninomiya
Keyword(s):  
Water Budget ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
The Japan Sea

scholarly journals A computer database for falling snowflakes

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichiro Muramoto ◽  
Kohki Matsuura ◽  
Toshio Harimaya ◽  
Tatsuo Endoh
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Fall Velocity ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Japan Sea ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Average Size

A computer-based measurement system for characteristics of snowfall is described. To measure the size and velocity of falling snowflakes quantitatively, images of snowflakes were input to an image processor and the primary data were analyzed in real time. In this process, maximum diameter in a horizontal plane and falling velocity were recorded in previously set intervals, then stored on a disk. Since a lot of data were obtained during a full winter season, data had to be processed to make up a database after an experiment. Using this database, the data of the distribution of size and velocity of snowflakes can be retrieved at anytime.We observed snowflakes during winter months of 1986-92 in Sapporo and Toyama, which are located near the north east and middle of the Japan Sea coast respectively. The data indicate that the average size of snowflakes in Toyama was larger than that in Sapporo, while the number concentration of snowflakes in Sapporo was rather higher. The fall velocity tends to increase with increasing size of snowflakes, as observed in both areas.

scholarly journals A computer database for falling snowflakes

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichiro Muramoto ◽  
Kohki Matsuura ◽  
Toshio Harimaya ◽  
Tatsuo Endoh
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Fall Velocity ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Japan Sea ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Average Size

A computer-based measurement system for characteristics of snowfall is described. To measure the size and velocity of falling snowflakes quantitatively, images of snowflakes were input to an image processor and the primary data were analyzed in real time. In this process, maximum diameter in a horizontal plane and falling velocity were recorded in previously set intervals, then stored on a disk. Since a lot of data were obtained during a full winter season, data had to be processed to make up a database after an experiment. Using this database, the data of the distribution of size and velocity of snowflakes can be retrieved at anytime. We observed snowflakes during winter months of 1986-92 in Sapporo and Toyama, which are located near the north east and middle of the Japan Sea coast respectively. The data indicate that the average size of snowflakes in Toyama was larger than that in Sapporo, while the number concentration of snowflakes in Sapporo was rather higher. The fall velocity tends to increase with increasing size of snowflakes, as observed in both areas.

Some Aspects of Japan Sea Trade in the Tokugawa Period

1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Flershem
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Permanent Residence ◽  
Tokugawa Period ◽  
The Japan Sea

It is reasonable to assume that Kaga han, in view of its size, large rice and other exports, and central coastal location, provided the lion's share of ships and shipowners operating in the Japan Sea during the two centuries before Perry. Villagers were going from Noto to North Honshu and Hokkaido both for temporary occupation and for permanent residence in the mid-seventeenth century and diereafter; and some of these emigrants became useful Kaga han trade agents. Moreover, transport of rice and salt respectively to Tsuruga and Echigo from Noto villages early in the Tokugawa period can be documented. Kaga han needed an all-water route to Osaka because of the high cost of transshipping rice by land from Tsuruga to Osaka. This may have been the main reason for the development in the latter part of the seventeenth century of nishi mawari, the route for ships going from the Japan Sea through the Inland Sea.

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