scholarly journals Effects of Alternate Irrigation with Saline and Non-Saline Water on Sorghum Crop Manured with Elaeagnus angustifolia Leaves Using 15N

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Al-Ain ◽  
Mohamad Al-Chamma'a ◽  
Fawaz Kurdali
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Elaeagnus Angustifolia ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Use Efficiency

Background:A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of alternate irrigation with saline (S) and fresh (F) water on growth, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency in Sorghum crop (Sorghum bicolorL.) manured withElaeagnus angustifolialeaves (GM) using15N.Method:Five types of irrigation systems abbreviated as (F, 2F:1S, 1F:1S, 1F:2S and S) and one rate of Green Manure (GM) were employed.Result:Results showed reductions in both Dry Matter yield (DM) and nitrogen uptake (NY) in sorghum grown under different types of irrigation systems as compared with the control (F). The reduction rates of these two parameters increased with increasing number of irrigations with saline water. However,E. angustifolialeaves applied as green manure mitigated the harmful effect of salinity on plant growth parameters. The percent increments as a result of GM application were 9, 19, 43, 43 and 65% for DM, and 33, 30, 42, 36 and 60% for NY in F, 2F:1S, 1F:1S, 1F:2S and S, respectively. Nitrogen use efficiency of added green manure ranged between 25 and 47% in the different types of irrigation systems. Our results indicated that increment of NY in green manured sorghum plants was mainly attributed to its nitrogen availability. According to the availability of S and F water resources, and the economic returns aimed by farmers in the semi-arid regions, it is recommended to use (2F:1S, 1F:1S and 1F:2S) in combination withE. angustifolialeaf GM. Such a procedure can be considered as a promising agricultural practice to improve yield with a proper water resource investment.

Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Uptake of Canola under Diverse Environments

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Gan ◽  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
S. Brandt ◽  
F. Katepa-Mupondwa ◽  
C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

A computational history and outlook of nitrogen use efficiency and precipitation-optimal fertilisation timings in agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel McKay Flecher ◽  
Siul Ruiz ◽  
Tiago Dias ◽  
Katherine Williams ◽  
Chiara Petroselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Plant Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

<p>Half of the nitrogen applied to arable-fields is lost through several processes linked to soil moisture. Low soil moisture limits nitrogen mobility reducing nitrogen-uptake while wetter conditions can increase nitrogen leaching. Rainfall ultimately governs soil moisture and the fate of nitrogen in soil. However, the interaction between rainfall and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) remains poorly understood.</p> <p>We developed a field-scale modelling platform that describes coupled water and nitrogen transport, root growth and uptake, rainfall, the nitrogen-cycle and leaching to assess the NUE of split fertilisations with realistic rainfall patterns. The model was solved for every possible split fertilisation timing in 200+ growing seasons to determine optimal timings. Two previous field trials regarding rainfall and NUE had contrasting results: wetter years have enhanced fertiliser loss and drier years reduced plant nitrogen uptake. By choosing appropriate fertilisation timings in the model we could recreate the two contrasting trends and maintain variability in the data. However, we found by choosing other fertilisation timings we could mitigate the leaching in wetter years. Optimised timings could increase plant nitrogen uptake by up to 35% compared to the mean in dry years. Plant uptake was greatest under drier conditions due to mitigated leaching, but less likely to occur due to low nitrogen mobility. Optimal fertilisation timings varied dramatically depending on the rainfall patterns. Historic and projected rainfall patterns from 1950-2069 were used in the model. We found optimal NUE has a decrease from 2022-2040 due to increased heavy rainfall events and optimal fertilisation timings are later in the season but varied largely on a season-to-season basis.</p> <p>The results are a step towards achieving improved nitrogen efficiency in agriculture by using the ‘at the right time’ agronomic-strategy in the ‘4Rs’ of improved nitrogen fertilisation. Our results can help determine nitrogen fertilisation timings in changing climates.</p>

NITROGEN UPTAKE AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY OF FERTIGATED POTATOES

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Battilani ◽  
F.L. Plauborg ◽  
S. Hansen ◽  
F. Dolezal ◽  
W. Mazurczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Fate of nitrogen in agriculture and environment: agronomic, eco-physiological and molecular approaches to improve nitrogen use efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anas ◽  
Fen Liao ◽  
Krishan K. Verma ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar ◽  
Aamir Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Nitrogen is the main limiting nutrient after carbon, hydrogen and oxygen for photosynthetic process, phyto-hormonal, proteomic changes and growth-development of plants to complete its lifecycle. Excessive and inefficient use of N fertilizer results in enhanced crop production costs and atmospheric pollution. Atmospheric nitrogen (71%) in the molecular form is not available for the plants. For world’s sustainable food production and atmospheric benefits, there is an urgent need to up-grade nitrogen use efficiency in agricultural farming system. The nitrogen use efficiency is the product of nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency, it varies from 30.2 to 53.2%. Nitrogen losses are too high, due to excess amount, low plant population, poor application methods etc., which can go up to 70% of total available nitrogen. These losses can be minimized up to 15–30% by adopting improved agronomic approaches such as optimal dosage of nitrogen, application of N by using canopy sensors, maintaining plant population, drip fertigation and legume based intercropping. A few transgenic studies have shown improvement in nitrogen uptake and even increase in biomass. Nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase and asparagine synthetase enzyme have a great role in nitrogen metabolism. However, further studies on carbon–nitrogen metabolism and molecular changes at omic levels are required by using “whole genome sequencing technology” to improve nitrogen use efficiency. This review focus on nitrogen use efficiency that is the major concern of modern days to save economic resources without sacrificing farm yield as well as safety of global environment, i.e. greenhouse gas emissions, ammonium volatilization and nitrate leaching.

scholarly journals Relationship of Nitrogen Use Efficiency with the Activities of Enzymes Involved in Nitrogen Uptake and Assimilation of Finger Millet Genotypes Grown under Different Nitrogen Inputs

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Atul K. Gupta ◽  
Vikram S. Gaur ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

Nitrogen responsiveness of three-finger millet genotypes (differing in their seed coat colour) PRM-1 (brown), PRM-701 (golden), and PRM-801 (white) grown under different nitrogen doses was determined by analyzing the growth, yield parameters and activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase; GOGAT, and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) at different developmental stages. High nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency were observed in PRM-1 genotype, whereas high nitrogen uptake efficiency was observed in PRM-801 genotype. At grain filling nitrogen uptake efficiency in PRM-1 negatively correlated with NR, GS, GOGAT activities whereas it was positively correlated in PRM-701 and PRM-801, however, GDH showed a negative correlation. Growth and yield parameters indicated that PRM-1 responds well at high nitrogen conditions while PRM-701 and PRM-801 respond well at normal and low nitrogen conditions respectively. The study indicates that PRM-1 is high nitrogen responsive and has high nitrogen use efficiency, whereas golden PRM-701 and white PRM-801 are low nitrogen responsive genotypes and have low nitrogen use efficiency. However, the crude grain protein content was higher in PRM-801 genotype followed by PRM-701 and PRM-1, indicating negative correlation of nitrogen use efficiency with source to sink relationship in terms of seed protein content.

Optimising Fertilisation Strategy for Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel McKay Fletcher ◽  
Siul Ruiz ◽  
Simon Duncan ◽  
Dave Chadwick ◽  
David Jone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Nitrogen Transport ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p>Sufficient nitrogen fertilisation is essential for obtaining the crop yields required to feed the growing population. Moreover, nitrogen applied to fields is often lost to a number of processes including denitrification, surface run-off and leaching. These processes can damage the local ecology and contaminate water supplies. Additionally, nitrogen lost as ammonia gas and the large energy input required to synthesize ammonia are both large contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. Choosing fertilisation strategies to optimise the proportion of nitrogen taken up by crops (nitrogen use efficiency) can reduce the production of ammonia and the pollution of water supplies.</p><p>We developed a mathematical model that describes the movement of water and multiple nitrogen species in soil at the field scale over a growing season. The model was then used to assess the nitrogen use efficiency of varying fertilisation strategies. We consider the effects of a number of biological, chemical, and physical processes including: root growth, root uptake, the transformation of nitrogen between different nitrogen species, and the effect of soil water movement on nitrogen transport. The resulting model is comprised of a coupled system of partial and ordinary differential equations that describe the mathematical interplay between nitrogen transport, water movement, and root uptake, which were solved numerically using a finite element approach. Numerical experiments were conducted to determine how nitrogen uptake efficiency was affected by different fertilisation strategies. We examine numerous cases by varying the quantity of fertiliser applied to the soil and the fertiliser application times.</p><p>The numerical experiments suggest that, under uniform rainfall rates, the optimal fertilisation times (within the bounds of typical times found in agriculture) can result in 25% more nitrogen uptake than the worst strategies. However, there were large time periods, 28 days for the first application and 10 days for the second, which resulted in close-to-optimal nitrogen use efficiency. The results of this study, in addition to crop health and past and predicted rainfall, could be taken into consideration by farmers while choosing fertilisation times to optimise nitrogen uptake efficiency.</p>

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