scholarly journals THE DAMAGE OF THE OPTIC NERVE AS THE OUTCOME OF UNINTENTIONAL POISONING BY CLOSANTEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Evgenia Sergeevna Kurakina ◽  
Elena Eduardovna Ioyleva ◽  
Mutlaq Ali Saif Saif ◽  
Natalia Alexandrovna Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Macular Area ◽  
Internal Layers ◽  
Toxic Damage

Background: In recent decades, the problem of toxic damage of the visual system due to poisoning by various medicines has become particularly relevant. The clinical case of a bilateral acute optic neuropathy of toxic genesis in a patient by the unintentional application of closantel used in veterinary practice is presented in the report. Closantel is a structural derivative of the salicylanilides, which is used exclusively in veterinary medicine for the prevention and treatment of large and small-scale cattle. Neurological and ophthalmic symptoms are often associated with the intoxication of closantel. Objective: To describe the toxic damage of the optic nerve due to unintentional poisoning by closantel. Methods: A patient aged 55 years is examined. A standard survey of ophthalmology was carried out. Photoregistration of the ocular fundus was used by a funduscamera Visucam 500 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Germany), from special methods of research - the spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT) with a study of the macular area of the retina and the disc of the optic nerve on the device Zeiss Cirrus 5000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, USA) and the optical coherence tomography with the function of angiography (OCT-A) of the macular area of the retina using RTVue XR Avanti (Optovue, USA) Results: The patient complained of a severe, yet painless, reduction in vision of both eyes after an accidental intramuscular injection of the medicine called "Closantrem" in dose 4.0 ml. The visual acuity OU - an accounting of fingers on the face at a distance of 10 cm. By ophthalmoscopy OU: the disc of the optic nerve is discolourated, its boundaries are indistinct, the arteries and the veins are narrowed, in the macular area of the retina without a visible physical pathology. The perimetry is in the correct projection of the light. A reduction in the thickness of the external and internal layers of the retina was observed as a result of the OCT of the macular zone OU. According to OCT of the disc of the optic nerve: the thickness of the layer of nerve fibres is in the upper and lower nasal segments. OS – the prominence of the disc of the optic nerve in vitreous. The fascinated changes of the cerebral cortex have not been found during the MRT. The diagnosis was made OU: Acute optic neuropathy of toxic genesis. A course of integrated conservative treatment has been introduced: the anti-inflammatory, metabolic, nootropic, vitamin therapy, magnetotherapy, electrostimulation and electrophoresis. Conclusion: Potentially, any medicines are toxic, which may cause a number of side effects from the visual and central nervous system. The toxic damage of the ganglion cells of the retina was initially occurring due to unintentional application of closantel, resulting in a reduction of the central visual acuity, followed by the development of the optic nerve atrophy.

Toxic Damage to the Visual System in Case of Unintentiona

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
E.E. Ioyleva ◽  
◽  
E.S. Kurakina ◽  
E.P. Andrusyakova ◽  
M.A. Saif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Vitreous Body ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Internal Layers ◽  
Toxic Damage

The patient complained of a severe, yet painless, reduction in vision of both eyes after an accidental intramuscular injection of Klozantrem with a dose of 4.0 ml in S. Fedorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution. The standard ophthalmological examination was performed (OU visual acuity was counting fingers at a distance of 10 cm, OD intraocular pressure was 10mm Hg, OS intraocular pressure was 9 mm Hg, eye movement unremarkable). Biomicroscopy showed both eyes were calm, pale pink conjunctivae, transparent cornea, medium depth anterior chamber, transparent lens. OU ophthalmoscopy showed the optic disc was discolourated, its boundaries were indistinct, arteries and veins were narrowed, macular area of the retina without a visible physical pathology. Perimetry showed the correct light projection. A reduction in the thickness of the external and internal layers of the retina was observed as a result of the OCT of the macular zone OU. OCT showed the thickness of the layer of nerve fibres in the upper and lower nasal segments. OS has the prominence of the optic disc in the vitreous body. The threshold of the electrical sensitivity OU was 300 mkA by electrophysiological research; the electrical latency was not defined. During the MRI scan, the fascinated changes of the cerebral cortex have not been found. Acute optic neuropathy of toxic genesis was diagnosed in both eyes. A course of complex conservative treatment was prescribed: anti-inflammatory, nootropic, metabolic, vitamin therapy, as well as magnetotherapy, electrical stimulation and electrophoresis. As a result of the reported case by patient due to unintentional application of Closantel, we found that toxic damage of the ganglion cells of the retina was initially occurring, resulting in a reduction of the central visual acuity, followed by the development of the optic nerve atrophy. Care must be exercised when dealing with medicines. Potentially, any medicines are toxic and, if used improperly, may cause a number of side effects from the visual and central nervous system.

scholarly journals Crowded optic nerve head evaluation with optical coherence tomography in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

Eye ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1191-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Moghimi ◽  
M Afzali ◽  
M Akbari ◽  
K B Ebrahimi ◽  
A Khodabande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Optical Coherence

scholarly journals The features of diagnosis and treatmentof unilateral concomitant strabismus with visual fixation defect in preschool children

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Nadezhda E. Kononova ◽  
Evgenij E. Somov
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Critical Frequency ◽  
Visual Fixation ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Macular Area ◽  
Concomitant Strabismus ◽  
Significant Figures ◽  
Light Flashes

BACKGROUND:Particular difficulties in treatment of children with monolateral strabismus are associated with the presence of severe amblyopia in the squinting eye in combination with a visual fixation defect (acentral or intermittent). AIM:To assess the anatomical and functional status of children with visual fixation defects, to find out the causes of failures in treatment of this group of patients, to determine the tactics of their management. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study included 92 children of preschool age (from 3 to 7 years) with monolateral concomitant strabismus. The follow-up period for the children ranged from 12 to 72 months. The average age of the examined children was 4.6 1.1 years. Three variants of visual fixation were identified in the squinting eye: central visual fixation (CVF) 68 eyes; intermittent visual fixation (IVF ) 7 eyes; and acentral visual fixation (AVF) 17 eyes. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination: visometry; strabometry; autorefractometry; determination of the critical frequency of light flashes; assessment of visual fixation; optical coherence tomography of the retina. All children underwent passive and active pleoptics. RESULTS:The visual acuity of children with CVF significantly increased due to pleoptics. At the same time in cases of IVF and even more in those of AVF, visual acuity remained significantly lower than that of the fixating eye, pleoptics were ineffective in this group of patients. In patients with CVF, the critical frequency of light flashes of the squinting eye increased in statistically significant figures, while in IVF and AVF, the difference between squinting and fixing eye remained. According to OCT data, changes in the macular area were detected in 18 (75%) eyes in patients with IVF and AVF, which allows us to distinguish organic pathology from amblyopia. CONCLUSIONS:In children with monolateral strabismus, it is necessary to determine visual fixation of the squinting eye. At IVF and AVF, it is mandatory to conduct optical coherence tomography of the macular area to exclude organic pathology. In patients with monolateral concomitant strabismus with IVF and AVF, surgery on oculomotor muscles is indicated.

Peripapillary vascular changes in radiation optic neuropathy: an optical coherence tomography angiography grading

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1238-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Parrozzani ◽  
Luisa Frizziero ◽  
Davide Londei ◽  
Sara Trainiti ◽  
Rocco Luigi Modugno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Clinical Classification ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Qualitative Classification ◽  
Clinical Grading

AimsTo investigate peripapillary vascular changes secondary to radiation optic neuropathy (RON) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and to propose a clinical grading of RON based on OCT-A findings.MethodsThirty-four patients affected by RON were consecutively included. Each patient underwent best corrected visual acuity measurement (ETDRS score) and OCT-A (Nidek RS-3000 Advance device, Nidek, Gamagori, Japan). The radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP) and the entire peripapillary capillary bed (EPCB) were analysed. Quantitative analysis of the OCT-A images was performed using open-source available ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA). Qualitative analysis based on the proposed clinical grading (Grades 0–4) was also performed by two masked graders.ResultsRON clinical (qualitative) classification based on RPCP correlated with the quantitative RPCP perfusion analysis (P=0.0001). RON clinical classification based on RPCP statistically correlated with ETDRS score (P=0.001). RON clinical classification based on EPCB also correlated with the quantitative EPCB perfusion analysis and ETDRS score (P=0.02 and P=0.01, respectively). Compared with the clinical classification based on EPCB, the qualitative classification based on RPCP reached a higher intergrader agreement (0.96 and 0.86, respectively).ConclusionOCT-A can be used to detect RPCP abnormalities and to clinically classify RON with a high interexaminer agreement. The proposed clinical classification is supported by the quantitative analysis based on the use of specific images elaboration techniques and correlates with visual acuity of the examined eyes.

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