THE CONFLICTOGENIC PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH THE COMPONENTS БОГ (ГОСПОДЬ) / БІС (ЧОРТ)

The purpose of the article is to characterize the conflictogenic phraseological units with the components БОГ (ГОСПОДЬ) / БІС (ЧОРТ). The object of study is Ukrainian-language phraseological units with the components БОГ (ГОСПОДЬ) / БІС (ЧОРТ) to denote conflict communication. The subject of research is the quantitative and qualitative classification of the conflictogenic phraseological units with the components БОГ (ГОСПОДЬ) / БІС (ЧОРТ). Among the applied research methods: descriptive (for selection, classification and characteristics of the studied phraseology), linguo-cultural (to determine the cultural content of the lexical components БОГ (ГОСПОДЬ) / БІС (ЧОРТ)), contextual analysis (to characterize the contextual environment of the studied phraseology), distributive analysis (for segmentation of conflict communication texts and identification of relevant phraseological units within them). Conflictogenic phraseological units with the components БОГ (ГОСПОДЬ) / БІС (ЧОРТ) – stable figurative expressions with evaluative connotations, used in various situations of conflict communication. It can be stated that the dichotomy ‘good / evil’ between these ethnoculturally significant tokens is erased, leveled – all the phraseological units that contain them in their component composition appear mostly negative. The largest group among the recorded phraseology with the component БОГ is formed focused on the expression of various negative feelings towards someone or something (dissatisfaction in particular); "middle" groups form phraseological units that express: warnings in the process of conflict; characteristics of a mentally handicapped person who is unable to act as an adequate subject of a conflict situation; a sense of agreement in a conflict situation; with the help of one phraseological unit several different feelings at the same time, mostly of a negative plan; threat; cruelty of behavior; singly used phraseological units with a component БОГ express: meaningless communication; categorical objection during communication; ridicule in the process of communication; feelings of despair in a conflict situation; feelings of affect in a conflict situation; harassment; an appeal to shame after a conflict situation. The largest share among the recorded phraseology with the component БІС is formed by focusing on the expression of various negative feelings towards someone or something; the middle position is occupied by phraseology, which expresses: a sharp reluctance to interact with someone (something), to communicate; complete denial in the process of conflict; indifference, reconciliation with the conflict situation; single phraseological units with the component БІС are used as a curse and as a sign of inexpediency, nonsense. In the future – a multifaceted, comprehensive analysis of other groups of the conflictogenic phraseological units of the Ukrainian language.

Identifying Lung Cancer Cell Markers with Machine Learning Methods and Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data

Non-small cell lung cancer is a major lethal subtype of epithelial lung cancer, with high morbidity and mortality. The single-cell sequencing technique plays a key role in exploring the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer. We proposed a computational method for distinguishing cell subtypes from the different pathological regions of non-small cell lung cancer on the basis of transcriptomic profiles, including a group of qualitative classification criteria (biomarkers) and various rules. The random forest classifier reached a Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.922 by using 720 features, and the decision tree reached an MCC of 0.786 by using 1880 features. The obtained biomarkers and rules were analyzed in the end of this study.

“One Out–All Out” Principle in the Water Framework Directive 2000—A New Approach with Fuzzy Method on an Example of Greek Lakes

The “One Out–All Out” (OOAO) principle imposed by the WFD selects the worst ecological status assessed by different biological quality elements (BQEs). Since it is a precautionary rule that can lead to problems of underestimation of the overall status, its amendment has been a matter of debate for WFD 20+. The use of fuzzy methods that express the functional relationships between variables in ecology and management has been gaining more ground recently. Here is attempted the inclusion of a fuzzy regression among the frequently monitored BQE (phytoplankton) and the outcome of OOAO application in six Greek lakes. The latter was determined by the comparison of four BQE indices in order to assess the extent to which BQEs might underpin the optimal/actual qualitative classification of a waterbody. This approach encompasses the uncertainty and the possibility to broaden the acceptable final EQR based on the character and status of each lake. We concluded that the fuzzy OOAO is an approach that seems to allow a better understanding of the WFD implementation and case-specific evaluation, including the uncertainty in classification as an asset. Moreover, it offers a deeper understanding through self-learning processes based on the existing datasets.

The Essence of Compliance and its Place in Banking Risk Management

Annotation. Introduction. The versatility of modern international banking, instability of the global financial environment and dynamism of normative regulation necessitates a strong need not only to implement standards and regulations of banking, but also to follow such guidelines and monitor compliance with their principles and norms. In such conditions, the study of the essence, organizational and economic principles and features of the practical implementation of compliance in banks is a particularly important scientific task. Purpose. The aim of the paper is to study the scientific and theoretical foundations, analysis of the compliance system in conditions of internationalization of the banking business. Results. It has been determined a historical prerequisites of “compliance” and it has been offered the own definition of compliance which means a system of the actions carried out for the purpose of observance of internal rules and external requirements at the same time as a whole by the organization, its separate divisions and employees. It has been confirmed the essential value of the qualitative classification of banking risks, which is used as a result to find reserves to improve the efficiency of risk management of banking operations. The compliance system has been presented in terms of elements that affect the implementation of compliance risk. Compliance risk as a non-financial banking risk has been studied and determined that it can be both a source and a consequence of the realization of other types of risk. It has been analyzed the structure of compliance costs of banks and financial institutions of European Union in 2019. Conclusions. In order to increase effective compliance control in the international banking business, artificial intelligence technologies are used. It has been concluded that in the future banking institutions should focus on developing a strategy that will at the same time reduce costs and maintain a reliable system of compliance

Quantitative assessment of the jawbone quality classification: A meta-analysis study

Aim Bone quality is evaluated using bone density for qualitative classification, a characteristic that may be delicate to evaluate. Contemporary implantology that relies on modern measurement techniques, needs a more quantitative estimate of the bone quality. Materials and methods PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched with no time restriction. Clinical and radiographic studies reporting on alveolar ridge dimensions and its parameters in different areas of the dentate and edentulous jaws were included. A meta-analysis was performed using random effect models to report a combined mean for alveolar ridge and its parameters. Meta regression statistical tests were performed in order to identify differences in those outcome parameters. Results 30 studies were included. The majority of the selected studies (total of 27) used live human subjects and CBCT to analyze alveolar ridge dimensions and its parameters. Using the combined mean obtained from the meta-analysis, a typical portrait of the alveolar ridge was constructed, and a geometrically based quantitative bone classification proposed. The quantitative classification was found to match the existing qualitative classification. Conclusion A geometry-based analysis was constructed that yields valuable insights on the bone type based on its components and on the dynamics of the dentate / edentulous states.

Electronic Eye Based on RGB Analysis for the Identification of Tequilas

The present work reports the development of a biologically inspired analytical system known as Electronic Eye (EE), capable of qualitatively discriminating different tequila categories. The reported system is a low-cost and portable instrumentation based on a Raspberry Pi single-board computer and an 8 Megapixel CMOS image sensor, which allow the collection of images of Silver, Aged, and Extra-aged tequila samples. Image processing is performed mimicking the trichromatic theory of color vision using an analysis of Red, Green, and Blue components (RGB) for each image’s pixel. Consequently, RGB absorbances of images were evaluated and preprocessed, employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to visualize data clustering. The resulting PCA scores were modeled with a Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) that accomplished the qualitative classification of tequilas. A Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) procedure was performed to evaluate classifiers’ performance. The proposed system allowed the identification of real tequila samples achieving an overall classification rate of 90.02%, average sensitivity, and specificity of 0.90 and 0.96, respectively, while Cohen’s kappa coefficient was 0.87. In this case, the EE has demonstrated a favorable capability to correctly discriminated and classified the different tequila samples according to their categories.

From Paths to Routes: A Method for Path Classification

Many animals establish, learn and optimize routes between locations to commute efficiently. One step in understanding route following is defining measures of similarities between the paths taken by the animals. Paths have commonly been compared by using several descriptors (e.g., the speed, distance traveled, or the amount of meandering) or were visually classified into categories by the experimenters. However, similar quantities obtained from such descriptors do not guarantee similar paths, and qualitative classification by experimenters is prone to observer biases. Here we propose a novel method to classify paths based on their similarity with different distance functions and clustering algorithms based on the trajectories of bumblebees flying through a cluttered environment. We established a method based on two distance functions (Dynamic Time Warping and Fréchet Distance). For all combinations of trajectories, the distance was calculated with each measure. Based on these distance values, we grouped similar trajectories by applying the Monte Carlo Reference-Based Consensus Clustering algorithm. Our procedure provides new options for trajectory analysis based on path similarities in a variety of experimental paradigms.

Quantitative Behavioral Analysis and Qualitative Classification of Attachment Styles in Domestic Dogs: Are Dogs with a Secure and an Insecure-Avoidant Attachment Different?

Since several modified Strange Situation Procedures (SSP) have been used to investigate dog-to-owner attachment, in this study two different samples of dog-owner dyads underwent two modified versions of the SSP. Dogs’ attachment style to the owner was assessed based on a novel adaptation of the attachment pattern classification used for infant-caregivers. Dogs’ behavioral data were collected using continuous sampling and, in the second protocol, also with a scoring system for greeting and social play. In both studies, secure and avoidant dogs’ behavior was compared using the Mann Whitney test, while differences within each group across episodes were analyzed using the Wilcoxon paired sample test. The classification seemed to be effective at identifying both avoidant and secure attachment patterns in dogs. As expected, differences in key attachment behaviors, such as proximity/contact seeking toward the caregiver, between secure and avoidant dogs were more evident in the final episodes of the test. Differently from secure dogs, avoidant dogs did not show an increase in proximity/contact seeking behavior with the caregiver in any of the procedures. Further studies with larger samples are needed to support the effectiveness of this classification and investigate on the remaining attachment styles.