scholarly journals The use of low molecular weight heparins in patients with acute ST-elevated myocardial infarction

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milovan Petrovic ◽  
Gordana Panic ◽  
Tibor Canji ◽  
Ilija Srdanovic ◽  
Vladimir Ivanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Fibrinolytic Therapy ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparins ◽  
Adverse Cardiac Events ◽  
Hemorrhagic Complications

Introduction. According to the published guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), treatment of acute ST-elevated myocardial infarction is based on rapid revascularization, either mechanical or pharmacological. Pharmacological revascularization consists of fibrinolytic therapy with antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy. In regard to the anticoagulant therapy, low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are of special importance. LMWHs cause less complications (bleeding, thrombocytopenia, better bioviability) in comparison with unfractionated heparin (UFH). Some studies on use of LMWHs in ACS, show that LMWHs are equally efficient and safe as UFH, causing less complications (different types of hemorrhagic complications) (ESSENCE, TIMI 11B (enoxaparin), FRAXIS - fraxiparin), whereas some studies show better efficacy and safety of enoxaparin in therapy of acute ST-elevated myocardial infarction (ASSENT 3, ASSENT 3 PLUS, HART II, AMI-SK). Material and methods. Inclusion criteria: acute anterior myocardial infarction with ST-elevation, first myocardial infarction, no other structural heart defects, no signs of cardiogenic shock. Our study included 30 patients receiving fibrinolytic therapy with streptokinase, antiplatelet therapy and LMWH during 6 days, and 30 patients receiving UFH instead of LMWH. The follow-up period lasted for 6 months. Results. Significantly more patients receiving unfractionated heparin presented with major adverse cardiac events (73.3%) in regard to patients in the study group (44,2% nadroparin, 39.8% enoxaparin) (p=0.025). In the group receiving UFH, 6.7% patients had hemorrhagic complications, while none of patients receiving LMWHs. An equal number of patients died. Conclusion. Patients who were treated with LMWHs experienced less major adverse cardiac events and lower mortality. None suffered from hemorrhagic complications. .

scholarly journals Anticoagulant therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ю.Н. Панина ◽  
В.И. Вишневский
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
St Segment

По мере того как пандемия COVID-19 продолжает разворачиваться, растет и уровень понимания этиопатогенеза, диагностики и лечения данного заболевания. На сегодняшний день становится ясным, что инфекция, вызванная SARS-CoV-2, предрасполагает к состоянию гиперкоагуляции с некоторыми тромботическими событиями, включая острый коронарный синдром. Однако несмотря на то, что пандемия началась более года назад, неопределенность в отношении антикоагулянтной терапии у пациентов с COVID-19 продолжает преобладать. Учитывая, что в настоящее время нет стандартизированного подхода к антикоагулянтной терапии у пациентов с острым коронарным синдромом и COVID-19, нами был проведен обзор научной литературы по данной проблеме. В результате исследования было выявлено, что тактика ведения пациентов с острым коронарным синдромом и COVID-19 в целом не отличается от стандартно принятой. Однако следует уделять особое внимание лекарственным взаимодействиям между антитромбоцитарными препаратами, антикоагулянтами и терапией COVID-19. Также мы отметили, что помимо антикоагулянтных и противовоспалительных свойств гепарины обладают прямым противовирусным эффектом. Все пациенты с инфарктом миокарда с подъемом сегмента ST должны получать стандартную медикаментозную терапию, которая включает нефракционированный гепарин. У пациентов с инфарктом миокарда без подъема сегмента ST с ранней инвазивной стратегией рекомендуется использовать нефракционированный гепарин вместо низкомолекулярного гепарина в качестве антикоагулянта выбора. При этом использование у пациентов с инфарктом миокарда без подъема сегмента ST и COVID-19 низкомолекулярного гепарина предпочтительнее, чем нефракционированного гепарина. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold, the level of understanding of the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this disease is also growing. To date, it is becoming clear that infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a predisposition to a state of hypercoagulation with some thrombotic events, including acute coronary syndrome. However, despite the fact that the pandemic began 1 year ago, uncertainty about anticoagulant therapy in patients with COVID-19 continues to prevail. Given that there is currently no standardized approach to anticoagulation in patients with ACS and COVID-19, we conducted a review of the scientific literature on this problem. As a result of the study, it was found that the management tactics of patients with ACS and COVID-19 generally do not differ from the standard accepted ones. However, special attention should be paid to drug interactions between antiplatelet drugs, anticoagulants, and COVID-19 therapy. We also noted that in addition to anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties, heparins have a direct antiviral effect. All patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction should receive standard medical therapy, which includes unfractionated heparin. In patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction with an early invasive strategy, it is recommended to use heparin instead of low-molecular-weight heparin as the anticoagulant of choice. At the same time, the use of low-molecular-weight heparin in patients with myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation and COVID-19 is preferable to unfractionated heparin.

Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Low Molecular Weight Heparin (Enoxaparin) in Dogs

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari V. Lunsford ◽  
Andrew J. Mackin ◽  
V. Cory Langston ◽  
Marjory Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Patient Monitoring ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparins ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Profile ◽  
Hemorrhagic Complications

Unfractionated heparin has been the standard heparin used in human and veterinary medicine for its anticoagulation effect; however, it has a complex pharmacodynamic profile that requires close monitoring. Low molecular weight heparins have a more predictable bioavailability, allowing standardized dosing without individual patient monitoring. This project was designed to a) evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the subcutaneous (SC) administration of the low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin, in dogs using anti-Xa activity as a marker of plasma enoxaparin concentrations and b) to establish the dose necessary to maintain activity within an established target range. Enoxaparin at 0.8 mg/kg SC q 6 hours consistently maintained target levels of anti-Xa activity in normal dogs without evidence of hemorrhagic complications.

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