The Breeding Cycle of the South American Fish, Jenynsia lineata, in the Northern Hemisphere

Copeia ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 1957 (3) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
South American ◽  
The South

scholarly journals Resolving the northern hemisphere source region for the long-distance dispersal event that gave rise to the South American endemic dung mossTetraplodon fuegianus

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1651-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily R. Lewis ◽  
Elisabeth M. Biersma ◽  
Sarah B. Carey ◽  
Kent Holsinger ◽  
Stuart F. McDaniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Source Region ◽  
South American ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
The South ◽  
Long Distance

scholarly journals Sources of atmospheric mercury in the tropics: continuous observations at a coastal site in Suriname

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 10223-10242 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Müller ◽  
D. Wip ◽  
T. Warneke ◽  
C. D. Holmes ◽  
A. Dastoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Coastal Site ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Marine Air

Abstract. Mercury measurements at a coastal site in Nieuw Nickerie (5°56' N, 56°59' W), Suriname, provide the only continuous records of atmospheric mercury in the tropics. Here we evaluate observations of total gaseous mercury (TGM) during 2007. Nieuw Nickerie typically samples marine air from the Atlantic Ocean, with occasional influence from continental South America. Over the year, average concentrations are 1.40 ng m−3. As the intertropical convergence zone passes over Suriname twice each year, the site samples both northern and southern hemispheric air masses. We use back trajectories to classify each measurement by hemisphere, as well as continental or ocean. For air passing over ocean before sampling, TGM concentrations are 10% higher in air coming from the Northern Hemisphere (1.45 ng m−3) than from the Southern Hemisphere (1.32 ng m−3). Air from the South American continent also carries higher TGM (1.43 ng m−3) than air from the South Atlantic Ocean, with most of these trajectories occurring in August and September. Biomass burning in Brazil peaks in the same months and likely contributes significantly to elevated concentrations seen in Nickerie. We also compare the observed seasonal cycle to two atmospheric mercury chemistry and transport models (GRAHM and GEOS-Chem). Both models simulate transition between northern and southern hemispheric air, thus capturing the seasonal cycle; however the models overestimate the TGM concentrations during months when Nickerie samples Northern Hemisphere air. It is difficult to determine whether the models' sources or sinks in the Northern Hemisphere tropics are responsible.

scholarly journals The genus Massalongia (lichenised ascomycetae) in the Southern Hemisphere

MycoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
Per M. Jørgensen ◽  
Heidi L. Andersen ◽  
Arve Elvebakk
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Type Material ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South Georgia

The species of Massalongia recorded and described from the Southern Hemisphere are revised and it is shown that only one is present; M. patagonica which is widespread, with populations in Australia and New Zealand that differ from the South American populations, but at present best regarded as part of the variation of that species. Records from this hemisphere of all other species placed in the genus are incorrect. The type species, M. carnosa, is restricted to the Northern Hemisphere. Two species, M. antarctica and M. novozelandica cannot be identified precisely due to lack of sufficient type material and with the types as the only collections known of these, but none belongs in Massalongia according to available data. Massalongia griseolobata (from Gough Isl.) is shown here to belong in the Pannariaceae and is part of the parmelielloid clade. M. intricata (from South Georgia) and M. olechiana (from South Shetland) have both recently been correctly transferred to the genus Steinera in the Arctomiaceae.

scholarly journals Sources of atmospheric mercury in the tropics: continuous observations at a coastal site in Suriname

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 7391-7397 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Müller ◽  
D. Wip ◽  
T. Warneke ◽  
C. D. Holmes ◽  
A. Dastoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Coastal Site ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Marine Air

Abstract. Mercury measurements at a coastal site in Nieuw Nickerie (5°56' N, 56°59' W), Suriname, provide the only continuous records of atmospheric mercury in the tropics. Here we evaluate observations of total gaseous mercury (TGM) during 2007. Nieuw Nickerie typically samples marine air from the Atlantic Ocean, with occasional influence from continental South America. Over the year, average concentrations are 1.40 ng m−3. As the intertropical convergence zone passes over Suriname twice each year, the site samples both northern and southern hemispheric air masses. We use back trajectories to classify each measurement by hemisphere, as well as continental or ocean. For air passing over ocean before sampling, TGM concentrations are 10% higher in air coming from the Northern Hemisphere (1.45 ng m−3) than from the Southern Hemisphere (1.32 ng m−3). Air from the South American continent also carries higher TGM (1.43 ng m−3) than air from the South Atlantic Ocean, with most of these trajectories occurring in August and September. Biomass burning in Brazil peaks in the same months and likely contributes significantly to elevated concentrations seen in Nickerie. We also compare the observed seasonal cycle to two atmospheric mercury chemistry and transport models (GRAHM and GEOS-Chem). Both models simulate transition between northern and southern hemispheric air, thus capturing the seasonal cycle; however the models overestimate the TGM concentrations during months when Nickerie samples Northern Hemisphere air. It is difficult to determine whether the models' sources or sinks in the Northern Hemisphere tropics are responsible.

The South American species of Chalcis Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4885 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-383
Author(s):  
PÂMELLA MACHADO SAGUIAH ◽  
ANA DAL MOLIN ◽  
MARCELO TEIXEIRA TAVARES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Species

Chalcis Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) currently includes over 50 described species, most of them from temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Prior to the present study, only Chalcis pilicauda (Cameron) had been recorded from South America. The examination of specimens collected in Argentina, southern Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Uruguay allowed the description of six new species: C. boi Saguiah & Tavares sp. nov., C. danunciae Saguiah & Tavares sp. nov., C. intervalensis Saguiah & Tavares sp. nov., C. periotoi Saguiah & Tavares sp. nov., C. quechua Saguiah & Tavares sp. nov., and C. winstonae Saguiah & Tavares sp. nov. Chalcis pilicauda is redescribed, and C. ornatifrons (Cameron) stat. rev. is removed from synonym under C. pilicauda and re-established. An identification key for South American species is presented. 

Cnidochloa: A New Genus of Grasses from Brazil (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Fernando O. Zuloaga ◽  
Sandra S. Aliscioni ◽  
M. Amalia Scataglini
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Molecular Characters

Generic boundaries of the South American species Panicum longipedicellatum Swallen are explored and compared with allied genera of the tribe Paniceae. On the basis of morphological, anatomical, and molecular characters a new genus, Cnidochloa Zuloaga, is proposed. The phylogenetic position of the new genus within the Paniceae is evaluated.

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