Faults, intrusions and flood basalts:

Unearthed ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Hugh Anderson ◽  
John Walsh ◽  
Mark Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Flood Basalts

PHREATOMAGMATIC TUFFS AT THE BASE OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER FLOOD BASALTS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Unruh ◽  
◽  
John A. Wolff ◽  
Klarissa Davis
Keyword(s):  
Columbia River ◽  
Flood Basalts ◽  
River Flood ◽  
Columbia River Flood Basalts

THE ROLE OF GEOCHRONOLOGY IN LINKING FLOOD BASALTS TO MASS EXTINCTIONS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Renne ◽  
◽  
Benjamin A. Black ◽  
Benjamin A. Black ◽  
Isabel Fendley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinctions ◽  
Flood Basalts

TECTONICS OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER FLOOD BASALTS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene D. Humphreys ◽  
◽  
Jonathan Perry-Houts ◽  
Kirsten P. Nicolaysen
Keyword(s):  
Columbia River ◽  
Flood Basalts ◽  
River Flood ◽  
Columbia River Flood Basalts

Flood Basalts and Mass Extinctions

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Clapham ◽  
Paul R. Renne
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Flood Basalt ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Mass Extinctions ◽  
Flood Basalts ◽  
Volatile Release ◽  
Ocean Carbon ◽  
Biological Extinction ◽  
Extinction Events ◽  
Environmental Disruption

Flood basalts were Earth's largest volcanic episodes that, along with related intrusions, were often emplaced rapidly and coincided with environmental disruption: oceanic anoxic events, hyperthermals, and mass extinction events. Volatile emissions, both from magmatic degassing and vaporized from surrounding rock, triggered short-term cooling and longer-term warming, ocean acidification, and deoxygenation. The magnitude of biological extinction varied considerably, from small events affecting only select groups to the largest extinction of the Phanerozoic, with less-active organisms and those with less-developed respiratory physiology faring especially poorly. The disparate environmental and biological outcomes of different flood basalt events may at first order be explained by variations in the rate of volatile release modulated by longer trends in ocean carbon cycle buffering and the composition of marine ecosystems. Assessing volatile release, environmental change, and biological extinction at finer temporal resolution should be a top priority to refine ancient hyperthermals as analogs for anthropogenic climate change. ▪ Flood basalts, the largest volcanic events in Earth history, triggered dramatic environmental changes on land and in the oceans. ▪ Rapid volcanic carbon emissions led to ocean warming, acidification, and deoxygenation that often caused widespread animal extinctions. ▪ Animal physiology played a key role in survival during flood basalt extinctions, with reef builders such as corals being especially vulnerable. ▪ The rate and duration of volcanic carbon emission controlled the type of environmental disruption and the severity of biological extinction.

scholarly journals Continental Flood Basalts and Mantle Plumes: a Case Study of the Northern Ethiopian Plateau

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1377-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Beccaluva ◽  
G. Bianchini ◽  
C. Natali ◽  
F. Siena
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Plumes ◽  
Flood Basalts ◽  
Continental Flood Basalts ◽  
Ethiopian Plateau

Flood basalts, dike swarms and sub-crustal flow

1968 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Unsteady Motion ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Flood Basalts ◽  
Crustal Movements ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
Dike Swarms ◽  
Convective Cells

A review of published data on flood basalts and diabase dike swarms suggests that they are related in origin, typically being developed in zones of crustal tension induced by sub-crustal flow. Perhaps, therefore, these basaltic effusions may be used to map convective cells in the mantle for various periods during geologic time. The inferred pattern of sub-crustal movements, particularly for the southern continents, is seen to be complicated, both temporarily and spatially, and is strongly suggestive of unsteady motion. Dikes of the Canadian Shield permit inferences about the site of convective cells back to 2150 million years.

Field evidence for coal combustion links the 252 My-old Siberian Traps with global carbon disruption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Elkins-Tanton ◽  
Steven Grasby ◽  
Benjamin Black ◽  
Roman Veselovskiy ◽  
Omid Ardakani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Flood Basalts ◽  
Siberian Traps ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Carbon Isotope Excursion ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Volcaniclastic Rocks ◽  
Atmospheric Changes ◽  
Global Carbon

<p>The Permo-Triassic Extinction was the most severe in Earth history. The Siberian Traps eruptions are strongly implicated in the global atmospheric changes that likely drove the extinction. A sharp negative carbon isotope excursion coincides within geochronological uncertainty with the oldest dated rocks from the Norilsk section of the Siberian flood basalts. The source of this light carbon has been debated for decades.</p><p>We focused on the voluminous volcaniclastic rocks of the Siberian Traps, relatively unstudied as potential carriers of carbon-bearing gases. Over six field seasons we collected rocks from across the Siberian platform and show the first direct evidence that the earliest eruptions particularly in the southern part of the province burned large volumes of a combination of vegetation and coal. Samples from the Maymecha-Kotuy region, from the Nizhnyaya Tunguska, Podkamennaya Tunguska, and Angara Rivers all show evidence of high-temperature organic matter carbonization and combustion.</p><p>Field evidence indicates a process in which ascending magmas entrain xenoliths of coal and carbonaceous sediments that are carbonized in the subsurface and also combusted either through reduction of magmas or when exposed to the atmosphere. We demonstrate that the volume and composition of organic matter interactions with magmas may explain the global carbon isotope signal, and have significantly driven the extinction.</p>

Phase Equilibria Constraints on Relations of Ore-bearing Intrusions with Flood Basalts in the Panxi Region, Southwestern China

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaochong ZHANG ◽  
Yanli HAO ◽  
Yu AI ◽  
Ying LI ◽  
Li ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Flood Basalts
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