Introduction

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Doebeli
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Frequency Dependence ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
Suitable Parameter ◽  
Space Frequency

This introductory chapter provides an overview of frequency-dependent selection—the phenomenon that the evolving population is part of the changing environment determining the evolutionary trajectory. Selection is frequency-dependent if the sign and magnitude of the correlations between heritable variation and reproductive variation change as a consequence of changes in the trait distribution that are themselves generated by such correlations. From the perspective of mathematical modeling, the realm of frequency dependence in evolution is larger than the realm of situations in which selection is not frequency dependent, because the absence of frequency dependence in a mathematical model of evolution essentially means that some parameters describing certain types of biological interactions are set to zero. Thus, in a suitable parameter space, frequency independence corresponds to the region around zero, while everything else corresponds to frequency dependence. In this way, frequency-dependent selection should therefore be considered the norm, not the exception, for evolutionary processes.

scholarly journals Intruder colour and light environment jointly determine how nesting male stickleback respond to simulated territorial intrusions

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 20160467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel I. Bolnick ◽  
Kimberly Hendrix ◽  
Lyndon Alexander Jordan ◽  
Thor Veen ◽  
Chad D. Brock
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Dependence ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Depth Gradient ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
Negative Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
Colour Signals

Variation in male nuptial colour signals might be maintained by negative frequency-dependent selection. This can occur if males are more aggressive towards rivals with locally common colour phenotypes. To test this hypothesis, we introduced red or melanic three-dimensional printed-model males into the territories of nesting male stickleback from two optically distinct lakes with different coloured residents. Red-throated models were attacked more in the population with red males, while melanic models were attacked more in the melanic male lake. Aggression against red versus melanic models also varied across a depth gradient within each lake, implying that the local light environment also modulated the strength of negative frequency dependence acting on male nuptial colour.

scholarly journals Inference from clines stabilized by frequency-dependent selection.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Mallet ◽  
N Barton
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Dependence ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Weak Selection ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Maximum Slope ◽  
Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
Level Of Selection

Abstract Frequency-dependent selection against rare forms can maintain clines. For weak selection, s, in simple linear models of frequency-dependence, single locus clines are stabilized with a maximum slope of between square root of s/square root of 8 sigma and square root of s/square root of 12 delta, where sigma is the dispersal distance. These clines are similar to those maintained by heterozygote disadvantage. Using computer simulations, the weak-selection analytical results are extended to higher selection pressures with up to three unlinked genes. Graphs are used to display the effect of selection, migration, dominance, and number of loci on cline widths, speeds of cline movements, two-way gametic correlations ("linkage disequilibria"), and heterozygote deficits. The effects of changing the order of reproduction, migration, and selection, are also briefly explored. Epistasis can also maintain tension zones. We show that epistatic selection is similar in its effects to frequency-dependent selection, except that the disequilibria produced in the zone will be higher for a given level of selection. If selection consists of a mixture of frequency-dependence and epistasis, as is likely in nature, the error made in estimating selection is usually less than twofold. From the graphs, selection and migration can be estimated using knowledge of the dominance and number of genes, of gene frequencies and of gametic correlations from a hybrid zone.

scholarly journals Dodge, Duck, Dip, Dive & Dependence: Using Dodgeball to Explore Frequency Dependent Selection

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 603-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. M. Stuckert ◽  
Heather D. Vance-Chalcraft
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Frequency Dependence ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Biology Students ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Evolution By Natural Selection

The term frequency dependence describes scenarios in which the likelihood of an event occurring is strongly tied to how common a particular trait is. Understanding frequency dependence is key to understanding numerous biological processes relevant to evolution by natural selection, such as predation, mimicry, disease, and effective vaccinations. We use dodgeball to demonstrate frequency dependent selection in a hypothetical predator–prey community, and provide possible extensions into other topics. This activity can be used with biology students in high school through upper-level undergraduate courses.

On Λ-Fleming–Viot processes with general frequency-dependent selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1162-1197
Author(s):  
Adrian Gonzalez Casanova ◽  
Charline Smadi
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Adaptive Dynamics ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Strong Solutions ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Diffusion Term ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
General Frequency

AbstractWe construct a multitype constant-size population model allowing for general selective interactions as well as extreme reproductive events. Our multidimensional model aims for the generality of adaptive dynamics and the tractability of population genetics. It generalises the idea of Krone and Neuhauser [39] and González Casanova and Spanò [29], who represented the selection by allowing individuals to sample several potential parents in the previous generation before choosing the ‘strongest’ one, by allowing individuals to use any rule to choose their parent. The type of the newborn can even not be one of the types of the potential parents, which allows modelling mutations. Via a large population limit, we obtain a generalisation of $\Lambda$ -Fleming–Viot processes, with a diffusion term and a general frequency-dependent selection, which allows for non-transitive interactions between the different types present in the population. We provide some properties of these processes related to extinction and fixation events, and give conditions for them to be realised as unique strong solutions of multidimensional stochastic differential equations with jumps. Finally, we illustrate the generality of our model with applications to some classical biological interactions. This framework provides a natural bridge between two of the most prominent modelling frameworks of biological evolution: population genetics and eco-evolutionary models.

Frequency-Dependent Selection at the Payne Inversion in Drosophila melanogaster

Evolution ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nassar ◽  
H. J. Muhs ◽  
R. D. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Frequency Dependent Selection
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