scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIVITAS NEMATODA ENTOMOPATOGEN (RHABDITIDA: Steinernema DAN Heterorhabditis) SEBAGAI MUSUH ALAMI NON-ENDEMIK PENGGEREK BATANG PADI KUNING (Scirpophaga incertulas)

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Chaerani Chaerani ◽  
Bebet Nurbaeti
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Plant Damage ◽  
Rice Stem Borer

Efficacy Tests of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida:  Steinernema dan Heterorhabditis) as Non-endemic Natural Enemies of Yellow Rice stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas). Yellow rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) is a chronic insect pests of irrigated rice and difficult to control.  Entomopathogenic nematodes from the genus Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are promising biological control agents for this pest as their infective juveniles (IJs) are capable of seeking and infecting insect living in moist, cryptic habitat such as galleries created by stem borer larvae. Thirteen indigenous and exotic Steinernema and Heterorhabditis sprayed to rice seedlings in laboratory with nematodes at concentrations of 0.5 or 2.0×104 IJs ml-1 water caused larval mortality between 7–93%.  Further test in greenhouse on nematodes that had >50%  efficacy showed that an indigenous isolate, H. indicus INA H17, was the most effective among the tested nematodes in killing larvae or pupae (78%).  Reduction in plant damage caused by the insects could not be demonstrated as the trials was limited to potted plants. The survival ability of nematodes on rice plants was evaluated by using INA H4 as an example. A low percentage of INA H4 IJs (0.5%) persisted in inner leaf sheath until 7 days post application, while IJs on leaf surface and outer leaf sheath survived only until 2 and 48 hours post application, respectively. Improvement of application strategies including repeated spray, addition of antidessicant and adjusment of spray volume and application at damage threshold or plant critical period are deemed necessary to enhance nematode efficacy and reduce plant damage in the field.

scholarly journals Effect of mini-sprinkler irrigation system on Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) infective juvenile

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Lara ◽  
Cláudia Dolinski ◽  
Elias Fernandes de Sousa ◽  
Rogério Figueiredo Daher
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Search Capability

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are currently being used as successful biological control agents of soil-dwelling insect pests. Previous field and greenhouse studies demonstrated that application techniques and non-biotic factors (temperature and pressure) have a significant effect on EPNs efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of an irrigation spray application system on the viability, infectivity and host search capability of Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) infective juveniles (IJ). Two assays were proposed. Their viability was evaluated under the microscope after the IJ passed through the irrigation system. Infectivity on Galleria mellonella larvae, and host search capability, as evidenced by larval mortality, were evaluated in containers (Experiment 1). In the field (Experiment 2), mortality of G. mellonella larvae was evaluated under different nematode concentrations (0, 100,000, 300,000 and 500,000 IJ per tree). No differences were recorded on the viability, infectivity and host search capability of the IJ in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, differences were recorded among the different concentrations used (p < 0.05), and a higher mortality was observed at the highest nematode concentration (28.3% and 37% in each one of the two experiment repetitions). This irrigation system did not affected adversely the viability, infectivity and host search capability of H. baujardi LPP7.

Laboratory screening for virulent entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema yirgalemense) and fungi (Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana) and assessment of possible synergistic effects of combined use against grubs of the barley chafer Coptognathus curtipennis

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Anbesse ◽  
Bekele J. Adge ◽  
Wondirad M. Gebru
Keyword(s):  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Steinernema Yirgalemense

Abstract The barley chafer grub, Coptognathus curtipennis, is an important field pest of barley, wheat and linseed seedlings at Tikur Inchini district of theWest Shewa zone of Ethiopia in Ormoia regional state. Two entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema yirgalemense, strains ANEPN21, ANEPN22, respectively) and three entomopathogenic fungal isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (MM, EE and PPRC66) were compared separately at different rates of concentration for their effect against C. curtipennis in laboratory bioassays. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and M. anisopliae isolate MM were found to be the most pathogenic to C. curtipennis at 1000 infective juveniles (IJ)/grub and 108 conidia (g soil)–1 concentration, causing 88.7% and 88.6% mortality, respectively, after 3-4 weeks exposure. These two most effective entomopathogens were further tested against the same insect in simultaneous and sequential combination with each other. Insect larvae were exposed to optimal concentration of H. bacteriophora and M. anisopliae isolate MM, which caused 50% larval mortality, i.e., 380 IJ/grub and 1.7 × 107 conidia (g soil)–1, respectively, as observed in the first experiments. The combined application increased larval mortality in an additive and synergistic manner. To achieve a strong synergistic effect, larva had to be exposed to M. anisopliae isolate MM 3 weeks before the addition of nematodes. The result of the whole experiment suggests that the damage caused by barley chafer grub can be controlled or managed by applying EPN and/or fungi. Furthermore, the combined use of M. anisopliae with nematodes may offer an integrated approach to increase the efficacy of EPN for C. curtipennis control and perhaps other insect pests.

scholarly journals THE STEM BORER INFESTATION ON RICE CULTIVARS AT THREE PLANTING TIMES

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Hendarsih Suharto ◽  
N. Usyati
Keyword(s):  
Stem Borer ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Synthetic Sex Pheromone ◽  
Planting Distance

Stem borer is the second important rice pest after rats in Indonesia. A field trial was conducted in Karawang, West Java in dry season of 2003 to study the effect of planting time on the stem borer infestation on seven rice cultivars. The rice cultivars tested were Fatmawati (new plant type cultivar), Gilirang (semi-new plant type cultivar), Maro and Intani 3 (hybrid rice cultivars), and IR72, Cilosari and IR62 (inbreed rice cultivars). The three planting times (PT) were: (1) the early PT, 14 days before farmer’s PT, (2) the common PT, simultaneously with farmer’s PT, and (3) the late PT, 14 days after farmer’s PT. The trial was arranged in a split plot design with four replications. Planting time is the main plot and rice cultivar is the subplot. Fourteen-day old rice seedlings were transplanted at 25 cm x 25 cm planting distance in a 5 m x 6 m plot size. Species and fluctuation of rice stem borer were determined by using water traps containing four synthetic sex pheromone lures of rice stem borer species as attractant. Results showed that the dominant species of stem borer was yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Wlk.). Degree of stem borer infestation depended upon the planting time. Stem borer infestation at the first planting time was higher (average 37.90%) compared to those found at the second and third planting time, i.e. 0.65% and 0.54%, respectively. Rice yields of Fatmawati, Gilirang, Maro, Intani-3, and Cilosari cultivars correlated with the degree of stem borer infestation, but did not correlate with planting time. Cilosari cultivar showed the most tolerant under heavily stem borer infestation. The present study implies that adjustment of planting time is the most feasible effort to reduce stem borer infestation because none of the seven rice cultivars tested were able to minimize damage under heavily infestation of yellow stem borer.

scholarly journals THE STEM BORER INFESTATION ON RICE CULTIVARS AT THREE PLANTING TIMES

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Hendarsih Suharto ◽  
N. Usyati
Keyword(s):  
Stem Borer ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Synthetic Sex Pheromone ◽  
Planting Distance

Stem borer is the second important rice pest after rats in Indonesia. A field trial was conducted in Karawang, West Java in dry season of 2003 to study the effect of planting time on the stem borer infestation on seven rice cultivars. The rice cultivars tested were Fatmawati (new plant type cultivar), Gilirang (semi-new plant type cultivar), Maro and Intani 3 (hybrid rice cultivars), and IR72, Cilosari and IR62 (inbreed rice cultivars). The three planting times (PT) were: (1) the early PT, 14 days before farmer’s PT, (2) the common PT, simultaneously with farmer’s PT, and (3) the late PT, 14 days after farmer’s PT. The trial was arranged in a split plot design with four replications. Planting time is the main plot and rice cultivar is the subplot. Fourteen-day old rice seedlings were transplanted at 25 cm x 25 cm planting distance in a 5 m x 6 m plot size. Species and fluctuation of rice stem borer were determined by using water traps containing four synthetic sex pheromone lures of rice stem borer species as attractant. Results showed that the dominant species of stem borer was yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Wlk.). Degree of stem borer infestation depended upon the planting time. Stem borer infestation at the first planting time was higher (average 37.90%) compared to those found at the second and third planting time, i.e. 0.65% and 0.54%, respectively. Rice yields of Fatmawati, Gilirang, Maro, Intani-3, and Cilosari cultivars correlated with the degree of stem borer infestation, but did not correlate with planting time. Cilosari cultivar showed the most tolerant under heavily stem borer infestation. The present study implies that adjustment of planting time is the most feasible effort to reduce stem borer infestation because none of the seven rice cultivars tested were able to minimize damage under heavily infestation of yellow stem borer.

scholarly journals Komposisi Spesies Penggerek Batang Padi dan Parasitoid Telurnya pada Ketinggian Tempat yang Berbeda

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
I NYOMAN WIJAYA ◽  
WAYAN ADIARTAYASA ◽  
KETUT AYU YULIADHI
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Chilo Suppressalis ◽  
Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Sesamia Inferens ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Level Identification ◽  
Chilo Polychrysus

Composition of Rice Stem Borer Species and Their Egg Parasitoids at Different Altitudes. Rice stem borer is one of the main pest of rice plants that always percolating and attack plants in the field. The pests can result in damage to plants and lost of the grain from season to season. The aim of this research is to know composition and dominance rice stem borer species and role of their eggs parasitoid at an altitude of different places. Research is done by survey based on the height of different altitude in rice plants two weeks after cropping up until eleven weeks after planting. Research conducted from April until August 2019 in rice field that belonging to farmers at Subak Cemagi Let, Cemagi Village and Subak Teba, Mengwi village, Badung regency, Bali province. Subak Cemagi Let are at an altitude of 15 meters above sea level whereas Subak Teba are at an altitude of 300 meters above sea level. Identification of Rice stem borer larvae and their eggs parasitoid done in Pest Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty of Udayana University. Found three species rice stem borer in the height 15 mdpl namely Scirpophaga incertulas; Sesamia inferens dan Chilo suppressalis, whereas in the height 300 mdpl found four species namely Scirpophaga incertulas, Sesamia inferens, Chilo suppressalis, dan Chilo polychrysus.  S. incertulas was the most dominant at the two different altitude. Three species of eggs parasitoid that have role to suppress the development of rice stem borer at the different altitude namely Tetrastichus schoenobii, Telenomus rowani dan Trichogramma japonicum. T. schoenobii was the most dominant to suppress rice stem borer populations.

scholarly journals Bio-efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora against the Cabbage butterfly Pieris brassicae (L.), under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasi Indra Kumar ◽  
Mohinder Singh ◽  
Kanchhi Maya Waiba ◽  
Sharma Monika ◽  
MA Waseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Pieris Brassicae ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Cabbage Butterfly ◽  
Cabbage Pests

Abstract BACKGROUND: Keeping in view the serious health and environmental apprehensions associated with the use of pesticides, entomopathogenic nematodes have the potential to supersede larvicidal activity for the management of various insect pests. RESULT: The lab experiments were conducted to test the pathogenicity of two EPNs species S. feltiaeand H. bacteriophora at different (IJs/cm2) concentrations against cabbage pests. Based on the pathogenicity of strains, only two isolates effectively show larvicidal activity. The native isolate was obtained from soil samples, collected from Rajgarh, Hamachi Pradesh, India. Petri dish bioassay use nematodes S. feltiae HR1 and H. bacteriophora HR2 species dose (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160/ IJs/cm2). The highest (%) 2nd instar larval mortality was recorded in treatments with H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae @ 160 /IJs/cm-2 were (72.08, 67.42 percent). And 4th instar larval mortality was recorded in treatment with H. bacteriophora, and S. feltiae @ 160 /IJs/cm-2 were (85.38,69.50 percent). The next best treatments in order of their efficacy’s pupae mortality were H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae @ 160 /IJs/cm-2 (74.12, percent) both are seam result, H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae @ 80 /IJs/cm-2 (62.12, 58.58 percent). Larvicidal activity after 48- and 72-hours exposure, the S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora (1.0, 1.30, 1.60, 1.90, 2.20 /IJs/cm2) showed potent larvicidal activity with LC50, LC75 and LC90 of all instars and pupae show high mortality. The strain inhibits the larval and pupal development 48 to 72 hr exposer time with LC50 range from 11.30 to 39.94, LC75 18.15 to 73.54, LC90 61.80 to 99.21.CONCLUSION: These studies demonstrate the challenge for cabbage butterfly P. brassicae. The local indigenous strains of EPNs (S. feltiae HR1, H. bacteriophora HR2) as a good biocontrol agent against, cruciferous vegetables crop pest P. brassicae.

scholarly journals Screening for Sarawak Paddy Landraces with Resistance to Yellow Rice Stem Borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Xian Rong Ling ◽  
Freddy Kuok San Yeo ◽  
Nur Najwa Hamsein ◽  
Hieng Ming Ting ◽  
Mogeret Sidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Resistance Screening ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Rice Stem Borers ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface

The yellow rice stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) is a prevalent pest in paddy fields worldwide. In Sarawak, a survey on pest of paddy carried out from 2009 to 2011 covering 166 paddy fields revealed that rice stem borers caused 11.4% of total paddy damage. In order to reduce the damage, identifying resistance paddy variety is crucial. The objective of this study was to screen Sarawak paddy landraces with resistance to S. incertulas. Twelve Sarawak paddy landraces were selected randomly for this study. Antixenosis resistance screening was performed in aquariums (60 x 28 x 33 cm). Three replications of one-month-old seedlings were randomly arranged in aquarium and exposed to adult S. incertulas. The number and position of egg mass on each plant were recorded. Egg mass abnormalities were also observed. For antibiosis, rice culms of two-month old seedlings from each landrace were infested with larvae. The length of surviving larvae from five rice culms was measured. The experiment revealed variations in landrace of preference for ovipositing. Among the twelve Sarawak paddy landraces, Kanowit was more preferred by S. incertulas for ovipositing in comparison to other paddy landraces suggesting susceptibility towards the pest. Abaxial leaf surface was the preferred oviposition site. There was no clear antibiosis response of the paddy landraces towards S. incertulas larvae in this study.

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