Yield components of the M7 Kipas Putih mutant soybean

This study aimed to obtain the homogeny of M8 soybean lines in an effort to release new high yielding varieties. The research was conducted in Lamsidaya village, and the observation of yield components was carried out at the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala. This study did not use an experimental design, so that the quantitative characters were observed individually from each plant, then analyzed by estimating the heritability broad sense value and the progress of selection. The material used were var. Kipas Putih and var. Dega1 as control, eight of 7th generation Kipas Putih mutant lines (B4, B7, B10, B12, B13, B15, B18 and B22). All genotypes were planted in rectangular plot 10 m x 1 m, drainage 50 cm, and planting distance 50 cm x 30 cm. Plants were maintained in accordance with the recommendation for soybean cultivation from Balitkabi, and fertilizer NPK (16:16:16) was given 200 g/plot (200 kgha-1). Parameters observed included plant height, flowering time, harvest time, number of productive branches, total number of pods per plant, number of filled pods per plant, percentage of filled pods per plant, seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds, seed weight per plot, and yield potential. All quantitative characters indicated increase on selection except for the character of plant height, percentage of filled pods and weight of 100 seeds because the heritability value was low. The B18 line has the potential to become a new high yielding variety because it has a high yield potential (3.02 tons ha-1) with a large seed size compared to the other seven mutant lines and is also higher than the parent Kipas Putih and var Dega 1 varieties.

Effect of Plant Spacing and Spraying With Zinc in The Growth and Yield of The Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare)

A field experiment was carried out during the 2020-2021 winter season, in Al-Alam district, east of Tikrit, to determine the effect of plant spacing and spraying with zinc in the growth and yield of the fennel. The experiment study of the effect of different distances are (10,15 and 20 cm) and three concentrations are (0,15 and 20 g/l). The experiment carried out within the system of testing the factorial experiment has been used according to random complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three blocks. Considered statistically analyzed the data according to the design of and experience and compared to averages of transactions based on test least significant difference (L.S.D) 5% Level of moral study results showed. The planting distance of 10 cm gave the highest rate of plant height reached 71.41 cm, and the planting distance of 20 cm showed a significant increase in the two characteristics of the number of flowers in the main flower and the number of flowering inflorescences in the plant with the increase in planting distance reached 197.75/flower and the highest rate of the number of flowering reached 16.89 inflorescences/flower. The result showed the spray treatment with a concentration of 15 g/liter was superior in the characteristic of the number of flowers in the main inflorescence and the number of flowering inflorescences in the plant, respectively.

Effect of Planting Distance and Humic Acid on Growth, Yield and Antioxidant Activity of Safflower Petals and Seeds

A field experiment was carried out at winter season of 2020-2021 in Babylon Governorate, region of Bernon, at 8 km north-east of Hilla town between 44.27 ° north and 36.32 ° east latitude, to study the effect of planting distance and Humic acid on growth, yield and antioxidant activity of petals and seeds of the safflower, the treatments were distributed in a factorial experiment with randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replicates, the first factor was the distance between plants (10, 15 and 20 cm) and second was spraying Humic acid at concentrations (0, 125, 250 and 500 mg.l-1), data were collected and means were tested according to least significant difference test (LSD) at probability level 0.05. The results showed superiority significant of planting distance at 20 cm and spraying humic acid at concentration 500 mg.L-1 on growth and yield parameters, while plants distance at 10 cm excelled on plant height and content of petals and seeds of antioxidant activities. The results showed superiority significant at interaction treat 20 cm × 500 mg.L-1, it produced the highest rates in most considered qualities and yield of dry petals and seed yields were 79.658 and 2197.5 kg. ha-1, while interference treat 10 cm x 500 mg.L-1 produced the highest means on total phenolic compounds and total oxidative activity and scavenging free radicals reached 41.47, 212.7, 58.07, 38.72 and 33.59 mg.g-1 DW, 67.7 and 47.0% in petals and seeds respectively.

Socio-economy dynamics of hybrid corn farmers in South Sulawesi

The development of agriculture through technological processes in the field of agriculture is a dynamic of society that results in certain changes in its socio-economic life. The changes that occur in the farming community of hybrid corn seed production include changes in social aspects and economic aspects. In an effort to increase the production and productivity of hybrid corn, quality seeds are needed. To obtain quality seeds, internal and external monitoring is required in accordance with the management of seed quality standards. In seed production, there are two obstacles that are often faced, including social constraints in setting planting distance and time isolation, roguing, and detasseling. Economic constraints are caused by limited capital owned by farmers and the marketing system that is tied to the rights of seed licensors. To anticipate the obstacles that arise in the farming community, the role of the government is needed to take various steps and policies that can support farmers in dealing with their problems. In this case, government support is highly expected in determining the mapping of the seed area so that it can guarantee the purity of the crop in seed production.

Growth of manglid (Manglietia glauca Bl.) from three provenances until age 4.5 years at Candiroto Temanggung Central Java

This study was carried to examine the best provenance of seed source of Manglietia glauca at 4.5 years old. The study was conducted in Candiroto, Temanggung, Central Java. A Randomized Complete Block Design with three provenances consisting of 15 parent trees from Tasikmalaya, ten parent trees from Sumedang, and 75 parent trees from Sukabumi, West Java, were divided into ten replications. Each replication has 100 plots, and each plot consists of four plants with a planting distance is 4 m x 3m. The plant characteristics, including height and stem diameter, were measured at the age of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 years. Variant analysis and Duncan Multiple Range Test in each measurement stage were performed. The significant differences of plant height among provenances were found from 0.5 to 3.5 years old and were not significantly different afterward. The stem diameter differs significantly among the provenances at 1.5 years old only; afterward, they were not significantly different. The average plant height and stem diameter at 4.5 years old were between 864-917 cm and 12.34-12.48 cm, and they were not significantly different. Therefore, it is possible to choose any seed sources of the three provenances of manglid to be used for plantation.

Effects of Par on Plant Spacing in Relation to Yield Efficiency in Peach

Effects of PAR in relation with plant spacing in peach cultivar ‘Shan-i-Punjab’ during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15 were evaluated. The trees were trained to 4 different training systems and each system consisted of 2 spacings viz., 5 × 3 m and 5 × 2 m. Daily PAR was recorded at morning, midday and evening and it was found that irrespective of planting distance maximum light interception was recorded at midday hours. Plants spaced at 5 × 3m received more light inside the canopy during full day which directly influenced number of fruits per tree, number of picking, fruiting density, yield efficiency, relative pattern of fruit maturity whereas, fruit yield per hectare was maximum in 5 × 2 m. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 701-707, 2021 (September)

Effect of Planting Distance on the Mechanical Harvesting of Hot Pepper

Hot peppers are well known for being spicy and also have a high nutrient content. Human resources have formerly been used to harvest hot peppers; however, a high level of musculoskeletal risk to the human workforce has been reported. Therefore, to reduce the risk to farmers and replace the human workforce, the mechanical harvesting of hot pepper and steps to improve the harvesting efficiency of farmers were conducted. To achieve this, the effect of planting distance on the mechanical harvesting of hot peppers was analyzed at three planting distances (30, 40, and 50 cm) with several cultivars. Subsequently, machine-harvested hot peppers were classified into five groups (marketable, damaged, lost, unharvested, and twigged hot pepper), depending on their postharvest status. The average weight ratio of each group was then calculated, after which statistical analyses were conducted. The effect of planting distance on mechanical harvesting was then analyzed by comparing the differences between each group’s average weight ratio and the total weight of hot pepper, which was simultaneously harvested mechanically at each planting distance. Results showed that the average weight ratio of marketable, unharvested, and twigged hot pepper improved as the planting distance increased. However, no effect on the average weight ratio of damaged and lost hot pepper was observed. The highest yield of marketable hot pepper was found at a planting distance of 40 cm, and the average weight ratio to the whole was lower than at 50 cm of planting distance. Thus, the most suitable planting distance for mechanical harvesting was 40 cm.

PENGARUH JARAK TANAM DAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DI GROW TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine americana Merr)

Dayak onion has many benefits, namely anti-inflammatory, stopping the bleeding, anti-breast cancer, heart disease prevention, immunostimulant, anti-tumor, high blood pressure-lowering drugs (hypertension), and diabetes. Dayak onion bulbs contain flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenolics, tannins, triterpenoids, and quinones. DI Grow liquid organic fertilizer is the latest generation of organic fertilizer in agriculture. This fertilizer contains nutrients at a balanced level and also plant growth regulators such as auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin. This research aims to find out the interaction and the main effect of planting distance and DI Grow liquid organic fertilizer to the growth and the yield of Dayak onion. The research was carried out in the Experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic University of Riau, Pekanbaru. This research was carried out during 7 months, starting from April to November 2018. The experimental design is a Completely Randomized Factorial Design. The observed parameters are the relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, the number of clump tubers, clump wet weight, and clump dry weight. The results showed that the interaction between planting distance and DI Grow fertilizer did not significantly affect on all the observed parameters. The main effect of planting distance and DI Grow fertilizer was found on all parameters with the best treatment at a planting distance of 25x30 (J4) and DI Grow fertilizer dose of 9 ml/L of water (D3).