Educated young women’s employment decisions in Egypt: A qualitative account

This paper analyses women’s employment behaviour around first birth in Italy and Poland. These two countries have much in common as far as their cultural and institutional frameworks are concerned. However, they also display key differences that allow us to better investigate how the country-specific factors mediate women’s employment behaviour around the first birth. Our findings reveal substantial differences in women’s behaviour across educational groups and between the two countries. We conclude that conditions for combining work and family, although important, are not the only determinants of women’s fertility and employment decisions, and that other country-specific factors are also highly influential. Zusammenfassung In diesem Artikel wird das Erwerbsverhalten von Frauen in Italien und Polen im Umfeld der Geburt des ersten Kindes analysiert. Diese beiden Länder haben hinsichtlich der kulturellen und institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen viel gemeinsam. Sie weisen jedoch auch zentrale Unterschiede auf, die es uns erlauben, genauer zu untersuchen wie die länderspezifischen Faktoren das Erwerbsverhalten von Frauen im Umfeld der Erstgeburt beeinflussen. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass substanzielle Unterschiede im Verhalten über Bildungsgruppen hinweg und zwischen den beiden Ländern bestehen. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass die Bedingungen der Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Familie zwar wichtig, aber nicht die einzigen Determinanten für die Entscheidungen der Frauen hinsichtlich der Fertilität und der Erwerbstätigkeit sind. Andere länderspezifische Faktoren sind dabei ebenfalls sehr einflussreich.

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Glamour and Aspiration: Women's Employment and the Establishment of Midlands ATV, 1956–68

Journal of British Cinema and Television ◽

10.3366/jbctv.2013.0162 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 635-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gillian Murray

Keyword(s):

Significant Influence ◽

Television News ◽

Formative Period ◽

Women's Employment ◽

Women’S Employment ◽

Television Production ◽

News Broadcasts ◽

Current Affairs ◽

Female Employees ◽

Status Of Women

This article uses an extant collection of television news inserts and other television ephemera to examine women's employment at Midlands ATV. Focusing on the years between the first Midlands News broadcasts in 1956 until major contract changes across the ITV network in 1968, it examines the jobs women did during this formative period and their chances for promotion. In particular it suggests that contemporary ideas of glamour and their influence in screen culture maintained a significant influence in shaping women's employment. This connection between glamorous television aesthetics and female employees as the embodiment of glamour, especially on screen, did leave women vulnerable to redundancy as ‘frivolity’ in television was increasingly criticised in the mid-1960s. However, this article argues that the precarious status of women in the industry should not undermine historical appreciation of the value of their work in the establishing of television in Britain. Setting this study of Midlands ATV within the growing number of studies into women's employment in television, there are certain points of comparison with women's experience at the BBC and in networked ITV current affairs programmes. However, while the historical contours of television production are broadly comparable, there are clear distinctions, such as the employment of a female newscaster, Pat Cox, between 1956 and 1965. Such distinctions also suggest that regional news teams were experimenting with the development of a vernacular television news style that requires further study.

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The Politics of Low Fertility: Global Markets, Women's Employment, and Birth Rates in Four Industrialized Democracies

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1154152 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Frances McCall Rosenbluth ◽

Matthew Light ◽

Claudia Schrag

Keyword(s):

Low Fertility ◽

Global Markets ◽

Women's Employment ◽

Women’S Employment ◽

Birth Rates ◽

Industrialized Democracies

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Sexual Division in Parenting: A Normative Context That Hinders Co-Responsibility

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/0192513x211038073 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0192513X2110380

Author(s):

José María García-de-Diego ◽

Livia García-Faroldi

Keyword(s):

Child Rearing ◽

Women's Employment ◽

Sociological Research ◽

Women’S Employment ◽

Sexual Division ◽

Political Implications ◽

The Family ◽

Social Images ◽

Employment Rates ◽

Using Data

Recent decades have seen an increase in women’s employment rates and an expansion of egalitarian values. Previous studies document the so-called “motherhood penalty,” which makes women’s employment more difficult. Demands for greater shared child-rearing between parents are hindered by a normative climate that supports differentiated gender roles in the family. Using data from the Center for Sociological Research [Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas] (2018), this study shows that the Spanish population perceives that differentiated social images of motherhood and fatherhood still persist. The “sexual division in parenting” index is proposed and the profile of the individuals who most perceive this sexual division is analyzed. The results show that women and younger people are the most aware of this social normativity that unequally distributes child care, making co-responsibility difficult. The political implications of these results are discussed.

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