Effect of Verbal and Nonverbal Short-Term Memory Coding with Normal and Retarded Children

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 917-918
Author(s):  
Lee Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Serial Position ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Nonverbal Stimulus

20 retarded children (CA 11.7 yr.), matched with 20 normal ones, were assigned to verbal or nonverbal stimulus conditions. Pairs of 8-point random shapes were shown as sryrofoam objects or drawings, d' measures for adjacent positions showed better recall for verbal coding and three-dimensional stimuli. Serial position effects were noted. Coding and dimensionality interacted.

Serial-Position Effects in Motor Short-Term Memory

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Magill ◽  
Martha Nann Dowell
Keyword(s):  
Serial Position ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Long-term memory of real-world episodes is independent of recency effects: magic tricks as ecological tasks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bestue ◽  
Luis M. Martínez ◽  
Alex Gomez-Marin ◽  
Jordi Camí
Keyword(s):  
Serial Position ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Episodic Memories

How episodic memories decay is an unresolved question in cognitive neuroscience. The role of short-term mechanisms regarding the decay of episodic memories is circumscribed to set the maximum recall from which a monotonic decay occurs. However, this sequential view from the short to the long-term is not compulsory, as short-term dependent memory gains (like recency effects when memorizing a list of elements; serial-position effects) may not be translated into long-term memory differences. Moreover, producing memorable events in the laboratory faces important challenges, such as recreating realistic conditions with elevated recall, or avoiding spontaneous retrievals during memory retention (sociocultural hooks). Here we propose the use of magic to enhance the study of memory. We designed a sequence of magic tricks performed live on stage to evaluate the interaction between memory decay and serial-position effects of those tricks. The audience was asked to freely recall the tricks at four different timepoints: just after the show, 10 days, 1.5 months and 4.5 months. We discovered serial-position differences after the show that were no longer present later on, suggesting that short-term memory gains do not translate into the long-term. Illustrating the power of naturalistic stimuli to study long-term memory while interrogating the interaction between short-term and long-term mechanisms, this work is, to our knowledge, the first scientific study of the memorability of magic tricks.

Age comparisons of serial position effects in short-term memory

1996 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stylianou Korsnes ◽  
Svein Magnussen
Keyword(s):  
Serial Position ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Long-term memory of real-world episodes is independent of recency effects: magic tricks as ecological tasks.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bestue ◽  
Luis M. Martinez ◽  
Alex Gomez-Marin ◽  
Miguel A. Gea ◽  
Jordi Camí
Keyword(s):  
Serial Position ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Episodic Memories

How episodic memories decay is an unresolved question in cognitive neuroscience. The role of short-term mechanisms regarding the decay of episodic memories is circumscribed to set the maximum recall from which a monotonic decay occurs. However, this sequential view from the short to the long-term is not compulsory, as short-term dependent memory gains (like recency effects when memorizing a list of elements; serial-position effects) may not be translated into long-term memory differences. Moreover, producing memorable events in the laboratory faces important challenges, such as recreating realistic conditions with elevated recall, or avoiding spontaneous retrievals during memory retention (sociocultural hooks). Here we propose the use of magic to enhance the study of memory. We designed a sequence of magic tricks performed live on stage to evaluate the interaction between memory decay and serial-position effects of those tricks. The audience was asked to freely recall the tricks at four different timepoints: just after the show, 10 days, 1.5 months and 4.5 months. We discovered serial-position differences after the show that were no longer present later on, suggesting that short-term memory gains do not translate into the long-term. Illustrating the power of naturalistic stimuli to study long-term memory while interrogating the interaction between short-term and long-term mechanisms, this work is, to our knowledge, the first scientific study of the memorability of magic tricks.

Reaction Time and Short-term Memory: Implications of Repetition Effects for the High-speed Exhaustive Scan Hypothesis

1973 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Baddeley ◽  
J. Russell Ecob
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Repetition Effects ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Trace Strength ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses

Recognition memory for sub-span digit sequences was investigated using Stern-berg's varied-set RT technique. Two experiments studied memory for sequences containing repetitions (e.g. 9 1 9 3) and observed faster recognition of repeated items. Experiment I also showed serial position effects with faster responding to more recent items. Neither of these effects is predicted by Sternberg's highspeed exhaustive scanning hypothesis. Several alternative hypotheses are considered, including two models based on the concept of trace strength, which appear to merit further investigation.

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