Effect of Verbal Interpretation on Recall and Recognition of Ambiguous Pictorial Stimuli

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-722
Author(s):  
Mario V. De Santis ◽  
Richard H. Haude
Keyword(s):  
Superior Recall ◽  
Pictorial Stimuli

66 subjects characterized as either good or poor visualizers were presented ambiguous pictorial stimuli accompanied by either a verbal interpretation or no interpretation. Both recall and recognition measures for the stimuli were obtained. Good visualizers showed superior recall and recognition compared with poor visualizers in the absence of verbal interpretation. Good and poor visualizers did not differ on either measure of memory when an interpretation accompanied the stimuli. Good visualizers performed equally well either with or without an interpretation, while poor visualizers performed significantly better with an interpretation.

Acoustic Imagery in Children's Phonetically Mediated Recall

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 1000-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Locke
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Superior Recall ◽  
Pictorial Stimuli ◽  
Acoustic Images

In previous work (Locke, in press) 4-yr.-old Ss who were presented pictorial stimuli recalled pictures whose labels rhymed more accurately than pictures with nonrhyming labels. Failure to observe similar list differences in the recall of 3- to 5-yr.-old children in other work (Conrad, in press) was attributed to an absence of speech mediation. The present study questioned whether young Ss' absence of phonetic mediation effects also was explainable as the result of a specific inability to match whatever acoustic images might be elicited by pictorial stimuli. Of the 20 Ss seen previously, 16 were seen again 24 days later, this time being asked to identify which of the task (pictorial) stimuli “sounded alike.” Ss with superior recall of pictures with rhyming labels also were significantly more accurate in identifying rhymes than Ss whose recalls of rhyming and nonrhyming series were essentially equal, suggesting that children's phonetic mediation may be a function, at least in part, of their ability to form acoustic (phonetic) images to nonphonetic stimuli and to detect similarities among the images.

The P300 is sensitive to evaluative and nonevaluative categorization processes of very briefly presented pictorial stimuli

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kyle Smith ◽  
Wendi L. Gardner ◽  
Kenneth Hugdahl ◽  
Gary G. Berntson ◽  
John T. Cacioppo
Keyword(s):  
Pictorial Stimuli

Computation of sensory-affective relationships depending on material categories of pictorial stimuli

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Shogo Okamoto ◽  
Kohta Wakamatsu ◽  
Shigeki Nakauchi ◽  
Jinhwan Kwon ◽  
Maki Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Pictorial Stimuli

On the Significance of “Double Encoding” for the Superior Recall of Pictures to Names

1973 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham M. Davies ◽  
J. E. Milne ◽  
B. J. Glennie
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Sequential Presentation ◽  
Picture Condition ◽  
Superior Recall ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Better Than

Ten-year-old children who were shown pictures of objects immediately preceded by the object's name recalled the material no better than those exposed to the names of the stimuli alone. Both conditions yielded significantly poorer retention than those in which pictures alone were presented or pictures followed by their names. A second study replicated this result. In addition this demonstrated, by a picture and name recognition task, that the effects could not be due to subjects in the “name prior to picture” condition ignoring the pictorial component. These results were interpreted as contradicting the “double encoding” explanation of the superiority of pictures to names in free recall. Parallel visual and verbal encoding of a pictured object does not facilitate retention unless the verbal cue is actively elicited from the subject by the stimulus. The implications of this result for other studies which have employed either simultaneous or sequential presentation of pictures and names are briefly discussed.

Acquisition and Clustering in Multiple-Trial Free Recall as a Function of Meaningfulness of Dissyllables

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Marianne W. Segal ◽  
Gayle A. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Superior Recall ◽  
Associative Relatedness

Lists of 10 dissyllables varying in meaningfulness were presented to subjects in a multiple-trial free recall task. Measures of recall and clustering showed superior recall and greater amounts of clustering for the high-meaningful list than for the low-meaningful list. Differential item integration and associative relatedness were mechanisms employed to explain the differences.

Age of acquisition effects in recognition without identification tasks.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Catling ◽  
Carly Pymont ◽  
Robert Johnston ◽  
Mahmoud Medhat Elsherif ◽  
Rebecca Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Semantic Representations ◽  
Pictorial Stimuli ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Recognition Without Identification

The Age of Acquisition (AoA) effect results in early-acquired words being processed more quickly and accurately than later-acquired words. This effect is argued to result from a gradual development of semantic representations and a changing neural network throughout development (Chang et al., 2019). Some forms of the Recognition Without Identification (RWI) effects have been observed at a perceptual level. The present study used the RWI paradigm to examine whether the AoA effect is located at the perceptual loci. A total of 174 participants were presented a list of pictures (Experiment 1) or words (Experiment 2) followed by a list of mixed early- and late-acquired picture or word fragments that participants had to identify; half of which corresponded to studied words and half of which to unstudied words. Irrespective of whether the item was identified, participants then rated the likelihood that the item appeared in the study phase. In both experiments, results showed that studied items were recognised more accurately than unstudied items, even when they could not be identified and late-acquired items were recognised more than early-acquired items, even when they were not identified. Finally, RWI interacted with the AoA effect only in pictorial stimuli, indicating that the RWI and AoA effects are located at the perceptual level.

Semantic and Phonological Encoding in Adults Who Stutter: Silent Responses to Pictorial Stimuli

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 2537-2550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Phonological Encoding ◽  
Vowel Identification ◽  
Pictorial Stimuli ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Semantic Encoding ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
Encoding Efficiency ◽  
Phoneme Identification

Purpose Research on language planning in adult stuttering is relatively sparse and offers diverging arguments about a potential causative relationship between semantic and phonological encoding and fluency breakdowns. This study further investigated semantic and phonological encoding efficiency in adults who stutter (AWS) by means of silent category and phoneme identification, respectively. Method Fifteen AWS and 15 age- and sex-matched adults who do not stutter (ANS) participated. The groups were compared on the basis of the accuracy and speed of superordinate category (animal vs. object) and initial phoneme (vowel vs. consonant) decisions, which were indicated manually during silent viewing of pictorial stimuli. Movement execution latency was accounted for, and no other cognitive, linguistic, or motor demands were posed on participants' responses. Therefore, category identification accuracy and speed were considered indirect measures of semantic encoding efficiency and phoneme identification accuracy and speed of phonological encoding efficiency. Results For category decisions, AWS were slower but not less accurate than ANS, with objects eliciting more errors and slower responses than animals in both groups. For phoneme decisions, the groups did not differ in accuracy, with consonant errors outnumbering vowel errors in both groups, and AWS were slower than ANS in consonant but not vowel identification, with consonant response time lagging behind vowel response time in AWS only. Conclusions AWS were less efficient than ANS in semantic encoding, and they might harbor a consonant-specific phonological encoding weakness. Future independent studies are warranted to discover if these positive findings are replicable and a marker for persistent stuttering.

Sequential and Parallel Processing in Boundary Selections on One-Dimensional Pictorial Stimuli

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Fried ◽  
Azriel Rosenfeld ◽  
Louis J. Gerstman
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Processing ◽  
Original Film ◽  
Stimulus Material ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Pictorial Stimuli

Sequential and parallel scanning models were devised to predict Ss' selections of boundaries between dissimilar regions on one-dimensional film strips. The use of this type of stimulus material is justified and the method of its construction is discussed. Variations of the original film strips were employed to provide further tests of the models' predicted boundary choices. General agreement was obtained between Ss' boundary selections and those predicted by the models.

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