Utility of the chronic unpredictable mild stress model in research on new antidepressants

Abstract Unpredictable chronic mild stress model was developed as an animal model of depression more than 20 years ago. Essential for this model is that after prolonged exposure of tested animals to a series of unpredictable mild stressors, a condition similar to anhedonia develops, which is observed in the majority of depressive disorders. Unpredictable chronic mild stress model is used nowadays in numerous studies related to the neurobiological and biochemical changes associated with depressive illness. Their results confirm that chronic unpredictable mild stress induces in tested animals a number of changes, which reflect those seen in depressive disorders. Because the effects of unpredictable chronic mild stress can be used in a more accurate diagnosis of the pathophysiology of depressive illness and expand knowledge of its pharmacotherapy, therefore research in this area has been continued all the time.

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P.4.c.003 Resveratrol shows vasoprotective effect in an unpredictable chronic mild stress model of depression in rats

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0924-977x(14)70973-3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. S607

Author(s):

S.S. Gocmez ◽

G. Gacar ◽

Y. Yazir ◽

T. Utkan ◽

N. Gacar

Keyword(s):

Chronic Mild Stress ◽

Mild Stress ◽

Stress Model ◽

Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress

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Effects of Electroacupuncture on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rats Depression-Like Behavior and Expression of p-ERK/ERK and p-P38/P38

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/650729 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jian Xu ◽

Yanling She ◽

Ning Su ◽

Ruixin Zhang ◽

Lixing Lao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forced Swimming Test ◽

Sucrose Solution ◽

Chronic Mild Stress ◽

Forced Swimming ◽

Mild Stress ◽

Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress ◽

Immobility Time ◽

Swimming Test

We investigate the antidepressant-like effect and mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) on a chronic unpredictable mild stress rats depression-like behavior. In our study, depression in rats was induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) and isolation for four weeks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Normal, Model, EA, and Sham EA. EA treatment was administered for two weeks, once a day for five days a week. Two acupoints, Yintang (EX-HN3) and Baihui (GV20), were selected. For sham EA, acupuncture needles were inserted shallowly into the acupoints: EX-HN3 and GV20. No electrostimulator was connected. The antidepressant-like effect of the electroacupuncture treatment was measured by sucrose intake test, open field test, and forced swimming test in rats. The protein levels of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK1/2)/ERK1/2 and p-P38/P38 in the hippocampus (HP) were examined by Western blot analysis. Our data demonstrate that EA treatment decreased the immobility time of forced swimming test and improved the sucrose solution intake in comparison to unpredictable chronic mild stress and placebo sham control. Electroacupuncture may act on depression by enhancing p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 in the hippocampus.

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The Link Between Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Model for Depression and Vascular Inflammation?

Inflammation ◽

10.1007/s10753-014-9867-4 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 1432-1438 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Tuğçe Demirtaş ◽

Tijen Utkan ◽

Ayşe Karson ◽

Yusufhan Yazır ◽

Dilek Bayramgürler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vascular Inflammation ◽

Chronic Mild Stress ◽

Mild Stress ◽

Stress Model ◽

Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress

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P.1.c.014 Etanercept effect on aortic nitric oxide dependent vasorelaxation in an unpredictable chronic mild stress model of depression in rats

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0924-977x(12)70248-1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. S174-S175

Author(s):

D. Bayramgurler ◽

A. Karson ◽

Y. Yazir ◽

I. Komsuoglu Celikyurt ◽

T. Utkan

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Chronic Mild Stress ◽

Mild Stress ◽

Stress Model ◽

Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress

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Antidepressant-like effects of the saponins extracted from Chaihu-jia-longgu-muli-tang in a rat unpredictable chronic mild stress model

Fitoterapia ◽

10.1016/j.fitote.2011.09.017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 93-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Lu-Fan Li ◽

Jie Lu ◽

Xiu-Min Li ◽

Chang-Liang Xu ◽

Jie Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Mild Stress ◽

Mild Stress ◽

Stress Model ◽

Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress

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A Comparison of Isolation Stress and Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress for the Establishment of Mouse Models of Depressive Disorder

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnbeh.2020.616389 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Jin-Seok Lee ◽

Ji-Yun Kang ◽

Chang-Gue Son

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Chronic Mild Stress ◽

Tail Suspension Test ◽

Modern Society ◽

Mild Stress ◽

Isolation Stress ◽

Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress ◽

Serum Corticosterone

This study aimed to help to understand the influence of stress on depression, which reflects the social environments of especially solitary life and the increasing prevalence of depressive disorders. To determine the distinguishable features of two-representative animal models of stress-induced depressive disorder, we compared isolation stress (IS) and unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). After 4-week of stress, both models showed significant depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in an open field test (OFT; p < 0.01 for IS, p < 0.01 for UCMS), forced swimming test (FST; p < 0.01 for IS, p < 0.01 for UCMS), and tail suspension test (TST; p < 0.01 for IS, p < 0.05 for UCMS) along with alterations in serum corticosterone levels, serotonin activity in the dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) and microglial activity in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (p < 0.05 for both parameters). In a comparison of the two stress models, IS strongly induced depressive and anxiety features, as indicated by all parameters: behavior test scores (p < 0.05 for OFT, FST, and TST), serum corticosterone levels (p < 0.05), immunohistological alterations for serotonin activity (p < 0.05) and microglial activity (p = 0.072). Our results indicate the suitability of IS for the development of animal models of depressive disorders and may reveal the medical impact of social isolation environment in modern society.

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