scholarly journals Hydrology of Arctic rivers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. T. Gudmestad
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Rivers

Bacteriohopanepolyol biomarker composition of organic matter exported to the Arctic Ocean by seven of the major Arctic rivers

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1151-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P. Cooke ◽  
Bart E. van Dongen ◽  
Helen M. Talbot ◽  
Igor Semiletov ◽  
Natalia Shakhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Arctic Rivers

scholarly journals Multi-molecular tracers of terrestrial carbon transfer across the pan-Arctic: comparison of hydrolyzable components with plant wax lipids and lignin phenols

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 4841-4860 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Feng ◽  
Ö. Gustafsson ◽  
R. M. Holmes ◽  
J. E. Vonk ◽  
B. E. van Dongen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Molecular Composition ◽  
Benchmark Assessment ◽  
Lignin Phenols ◽  
Carbon Transfer ◽  
North American Arctic ◽  
Arctic Rivers ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Plant Wax

Abstract. Hydrolyzable organic carbon (OC) comprises a significant component of sedimentary particulate matter transferred from land into oceans via rivers. Its abundance and nature are however not well studied in Arctic river systems, and yet may represent an important pool of carbon whose fate remains unclear in the context of mobilization and related processes associated with a changing climate. Here, we examine the molecular composition and source of hydrolyzable compounds isolated from sedimentary particles derived from nine rivers across the pan-Arctic. Bound fatty acids (b-FAs), hydroxy FAs, n-alkane-α,ω-dioic acids (DAs) and phenols were the major components released upon hydrolysis of these sediments. Among them, b-FAs received considerable inputs from bacterial and/or algal sources, whereas ω-hydroxy FAs, mid-chain substituted acids, DAs, and hydrolyzable phenols were mainly derived from cutin and suberin of higher plants. We further compared the distribution and fate of suberin- and cutin-derived compounds with those of other terrestrial biomarkers (plant wax lipids and lignin phenols) from the same Arctic river sedimentary particles and conducted a benchmark assessment of several biomarker-based indicators of OC source and extent of degradation. While suberin-specific biomarkers were positively correlated with plant-derived high-molecular-weight (HMW) FAs, lignin phenols were correlated with cutin-derived compounds. These correlations suggest that, similar to leaf-derived cutin, lignin was mainly derived from litter and surface soil horizons, whereas suberin and HMW FAs incorporated significant inputs from belowground sources (roots and deeper soil). This conclusion is supported by the negative correlation between lignin phenols and the ratio of suberin-to-cutin biomarkers. Furthermore, the molecular composition of investigated biomarkers differed between Eurasian and North American Arctic rivers: while lignin dominated in the terrestrial OC of Eurasian river sediments, hydrolyzable OC represented a much larger fraction in the sedimentary particles from Colville River. Hence, studies exclusively focusing on either plant wax lipids or lignin phenols will not be able to fully unravel the mobilization and fate of bound OC in Arctic rivers. More comprehensive, multi-molecular investigations are needed to better constrain the land–ocean transfer of carbon in the changing Arctic, including further research on the degradation and transfer of both free and bound components in Arctic river sediments.

scholarly journals Multi-molecular tracers of terrestrial carbon transfer across the pan-Arctic – Part 1: Comparison of hydrolysable components with plant wax lipids and lignin phenols

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 4721-4767 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Feng ◽  
Ö. Gustafsson ◽  
R. M. Holmes ◽  
J. E. Vonk ◽  
B. E. van Dongen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Molecular Composition ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Benchmark Assessment ◽  
Lignin Phenols ◽  
Carbon Transfer ◽  
North American Arctic ◽  
Arctic Rivers ◽  
Plant Wax

Abstract. Hydrolysable organic carbon (OC) comprises a significant component of sedimentary particulate matter transferred from land into oceans via rivers. Its abundance and nature are however not well studied in the arctic river systems, and yet may represent an important pool of carbon whose fate remains unclear in the context of mobilization and related processes associated with changing climate. Here, we examine the molecular composition and source of hydrolysable compounds isolated from surface sediments derived from nine rivers across the pan-Arctic. Bound fatty acids (b-FAs), hydroxy FAs, n-alkane-α, ω-dioic acids (DAs) and phenols were the major components released upon hydrolysis of these sediments. Among them, b-FAs received considerable inputs from bacterial and/or algal sources, whereas ω-hydroxy FAs, mid-chain substituted acids, DAs, and hydrolysable phenols were mainly derived from cutin and suberin of higher plants. We further compared the distribution and fate of suberin- and cutin-derived compounds with those of other terrestrial biomarkers (plant wax lipids and lignin phenols) from the same arctic river sediments and conducted a benchmark assessment of several biomarker-based indicators of OC source and extent of degradation. While suberin-specific biomarkers were positively correlated with plant-derived high-molecular-weight (HMW) FAs, lignin phenols were correlated with cutin-derived compounds. These correlations suggest that, similar to leaf-derived cutin, lignin was mainly derived from litter and surface soil horizons, whereas suberin and HMW FAs incorporated significant inputs from belowground sources (roots and deeper soil). This conclusion is supported by the negative correlation between lignin phenols and the ratio of suberin-to-cutin biomarkers. Furthermore, the molecular composition of investigated biomarkers differed between Eurasian and North American arctic rivers: while lignin dominated in the terrestrial OC of Eurasian river sediments, hydrolysable OC represented a much larger fraction in the sedimentary particles from Colville River. Hence, studies exclusively focusing on either plant wax lipids or lignin phenols will not be able to fully unravel the mobilization and fate of bound OC in the arctic rivers. More comprehensive, multi-molecular investigations are needed to better constrain the land-ocean transfer of carbon in the changing Arctic, including further research on the degradation and transfer of both free and bound components in the arctic river sediments.

scholarly journals Sediment discharge variability in Arctic rivers: implications for a warmer future

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. M. Syvitski
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Discharge ◽  
Arctic Rivers

Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology and Biogeochemistry of Arctic Rivers

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Holmes ◽  
Michael T. Coe ◽  
Greg J. Fiske ◽  
Tatiana Gurtovaya ◽  
James W. McClelland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Arctic Rivers

scholarly journals A 50 % increase in the mass of terrestrial particles delivered by the Mackenzie River into the Beaufort Sea (Canadian Arctic Ocean) over the last 10 years

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3551-3565 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Doxaran ◽  
E. Devred ◽  
M. Babin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Beaufort Sea ◽  
Freshwater Discharge ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Arctic Rivers ◽  
Mackenzie River

Abstract. Global warming has a significant impact on the regional scale on the Arctic Ocean and surrounding coastal zones (i.e., Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Norway and Russia). The recent increase in air temperature has resulted in increased precipitation along the drainage basins of Arctic rivers. It has also directly impacted land and seawater temperatures with the consequence of melting permafrost and sea ice. An increase in freshwater discharge by main Arctic rivers has been clearly identified in time series of field observations. The freshwater discharge of the Mackenzie River has increased by 25% since 2003. This may have increased the mobilization and transport of various dissolved and particulate substances, including organic carbon, as well as their export to the ocean. The release from land to the ocean of such organic material, which has been sequestered in a frozen state since the Last Glacial Maximum, may significantly impact the Arctic Ocean carbon cycle as well as marine ecosystems. In this study we use 11 years of ocean color satellite data and field observations collected in 2009 to estimate the mass of terrestrial suspended solids and particulate organic carbon delivered by the Mackenzie River into the Beaufort Sea (Arctic Ocean). Our results show that during the summer period, the concentration of suspended solids at the river mouth, in the delta zone and in the river plume has increased by 46, 71 and 33%, respectively, since 2003. Combined with the variations observed in the freshwater discharge, this corresponds to a more than 50% increase in the particulate (terrestrial suspended particles and organic carbon) export from the Mackenzie River into the Beaufort Sea.

Hydrological Hazards on Russian Arctic Rivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Georgievskii ◽  
E. A. Grek ◽  
M. L. Markov ◽  
T. G. Molchanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Hydrological Hazards ◽  
Arctic Rivers

Large Arctic Rivers

2020 ◽  
pp. 211-264
Author(s):  
Olav Slaymaker
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Rivers
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