scholarly journals Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Single-Story Masonry Buildings in Kurdistan Region - Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Abdulhameed A. Yaseen ◽  
Mezgeen S. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Seismic Loads ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Motion Time ◽  
Damage States ◽  
Time Histories

Although the Kurdistan Region (KR) of Iraq lies in a relatively active seismic zone, most of its buildings have not been designed to resist seismic loads. So, the need to assess the vulnerability of the building stock to damage due to seismic loads will always be a demand. The building environment in the KR had extensively utilized low-rise unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings having one- to two-stories. The single-story buildings constitute about 67% of the total buildings in the region. The study aims to assess these types of buildings (single-story URM buildings) using the analytical fragility analysis approach. For that purpose, buildings in the region were classified and a typical single-story URM building was analytically modelled in TREMURI software. Seismic characteristics of KR were reviewed and based on it, 59 un-scaled ground motion time histories were selected from all parts of the world. Using incremental dynamic analysis, time histories applied to the analytical model and fragility curves were then developed for the different states of damage. The results show that the single-story buildings in the region are highly susceptible to slight and moderate damages under seismic loads; extensive as well as the very heavy damage states are likewise expected to happen in these types of buildings especially in the eastern part of the KR.

scholarly journals Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of a Reinforced Concrete Building Located in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11S) ◽  
pp. 310-314
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Equivalent Linearization ◽  
Spectral Acceleration ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Performance Point ◽  
Damage States

Over the recent years the natural disaster especially due to the earthquake effect on buildings increases which causes loss of life and property in many places all over the world. The latest development leads to finding the direct losses and damage states of the buildings for various intensities of earthquake ground motions. In the present study, seismic vulnerability assessment was done for a medium rise building (G+5). The design peak ground acceleration of 0.16g and 0.36g were considered for the risk assessment. The nonlinear static pushover analysis was done to fine the performance point, spectral acceleration and corresponding spectral acceleration by Equivalent Linearization (EL) method given by Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA-440). The four damage states such as slight, moderate, extreme and collapse has been considered as per HAZUS-MR4. The seismic vulnerability in terms of fragility curves was developed to evaluate the damage probabilities based on HAZUS methodology. The discrete and cumulative damage probability was found for all the damage states of the building which shows the building at 0.16g experience slight damage whereas at 0.36g the moderate damage state equally becomes predominant.

scholarly journals Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of School Buildings in Seismic Zone 4 of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zain ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Syed Hassan Farooq ◽  
Tahir Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Kashmir Earthquake ◽  
Building Type ◽  
Structural Configurations

Thick population density and its escalation propensity in seismically active regions of Pakistan has raised sincere concerns about the performance of building stock whose suboptimal performance and complete collapses led to a colossal number of casualties during the past earthquakes. The current research is inspired by the Kashmir earthquake of 2005 which consumed more than 80,000 lives, out of which, approximately 19,000 were children due to wide spread collapse of school buildings. A new database for existing reinforced concrete (RC) school buildings in seismic zone 4 of Pakistan has been developed using the surveyed information and presented briefly. The paper presents the statistics of the data collected through field surveys and professional interviews. It was found that the infrastructural authorities in the considered region developed some specific designs for school buildings, with varying architectural and structural configurations, which were eventually replicated throughout the area. In the current study, almost 2500 schools were surveyed for identifying versatile architectural and structural configurations, and subsequently, 19 different types had been identified, which were eventually used as representative stock for the schools in seismic zone 4 of Pakistan, Muzaffarabad district. The results of the study yield the brief of the collected data from the field and a consolidated methodology for establishing the analytical fragility relationships for one of the 19 structural configurations of the school buildings. A sample building from the collected data has been selected by considering the maximum number of students, and afterwards, the vulnerability is assessed by employing incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) which constitutes the presented methodology. Finally, the fragility curves are developed and presented for the said building type. The derived analytical fragility curves for the considered building type indicate its structural vulnerability and as a whole represent its satisfactory behavior. The vulnerability assessment process and the fragility development are described in an easy manner so that the domestic practicing engineers can readily become able to extend the application towards other school buildings in the region. The developed relationships can be employed for rational decision making so that essential disaster preparedness can be carried out by identifying any need for structural strengthening and interventions.

scholarly journals Fragility curves for Italian URM buildings based on a hybrid method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sandoli ◽  
G. P. Lignola ◽  
B. Calderoni ◽  
A. Prota
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Ultimate Limit State ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Damage Scenario

AbstractA hybrid seismic fragility model for territorial-scale seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings is developed and presented in this paper. The method combines expert-judgment and mechanical approaches to derive typological fragility curves for Italian residential masonry building stock. The first classifies Italian masonry buildings in five different typological classes as function of age of construction, structural typology, and seismic behaviour and damaging of buildings observed following the most severe earthquakes occurred in Italy. The second, based on numerical analyses results conducted on building prototypes, provides all the parameters necessary for developing fragility functions. Peak-Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Ultimate Limit State attainable by each building’s class has been chosen as an Intensity Measure to represent fragility curves: three types of curve have been developed, each referred to mean, maximum and minimum value of PGAs defined for each building class. To represent the expected damage scenario for increasing earthquake intensities, a correlation between PGAs and Mercalli-Cancani-Sieber macroseismic intensity scale has been used and the corresponding fragility curves developed. Results show that the proposed building’s classes are representative of the Italian masonry building stock and that fragility curves are effective for predicting both seismic vulnerability and expected damage scenarios for seismic-prone areas. Finally, the fragility curves have been compared with empirical curves obtained through a macroseismic approach on Italian masonry buildings available in literature, underlining the differences between the methods.

scholarly journals Mechanics-based fragility curves for Italian residential URM buildings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Donà ◽  
Pietro Carpanese ◽  
Veronica Follador ◽  
Luca Sbrogiò ◽  
Francesca da Porto
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
National Level ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
2009 L’Aquila Earthquake ◽  
Damage States ◽  
Observed Damage

Abstract Seismic risk assessment at the territorial level is now widely recognised as essential for countries with intense seismic activity, such as Italy. Academia is called to give its contribution in order to synergically deepen the knowledge about the various components of this risk, starting from the complex evaluation of vulnerability of the built heritage. In line with this, a mechanics-based seismic fragility model for Italian residential masonry buildings was developed and presented in this paper. This model is based on the classification of the building stock in macro-typologies, defined by age of construction and number of storeys, which being information available at national level, allow simulating damage scenarios and carrying out risk analyses on a territorial scale. The model is developed on the fragility of over 500 buildings, sampled according to national representativeness criteria and analysed through the Vulnus_4.0 software. The calculated fragility functions were extended on the basis of a reference model available in the literature, which provides generic fragilities for the EMS98 vulnerability classes, thus obtaining a fragility model defined on the five EMS98 damage states. Lastly, to assess the reliability of the proposed model, this was used to simulate damage scenarios due to the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake. Overall, the comparison between model results and observed damage showed a good fit, proving the model effectiveness.

scholarly journals The Cartis Form for the Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Timber Large-Span Structures

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Beatrice Faggiano ◽  
Giacomo Iovane ◽  
Andrea Gaspari ◽  
Eric Fournely ◽  
AbdelHamid Bouchair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Structural Type ◽  
General Description ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Large Span

Italy is located in a very active seismic zone, and many earthquakes have marked the country, some of them in the recent past. In order to take adequate measures of seismic prevention and protection, in the last decades, the Italian Civil Protection Department (DPC) initiated a survey and introduced a specific form for the quick and/or post-seismic assessment of buildings. This is useful to obtain statistics on the types of structures and their vulnerability and a judgement on the damage, leading to a decision about the possibility of reuse and/or the level of retrofitting to be applied. Those activities have been developed since the beginning of 2000. This task is currently carried out by the Italian DPC-ReLUIS project research, line WP2 on the inventory of building structures, setting up the CARTIS form for any structural type, like masonry, reinforced concrete, precast concrete, steel, and timber structures, the latter being mainly related to large span buildings, extensively used in Italy. In this context, the paper presents the first draft of the CARTIS form for large span timber structures that provides a general description for typical structural schemes, through the singular points commonly considered as seismic structural vulnerabilities. Moreover, the statistics on timber large span structures based on a sample of 10 buildings is presented.

Seismic risk assessment of RC curved bridges through fragility curves

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina N. Serdar ◽  
Jelena R. Pejovic ◽  
Radenko Pejovic ◽  
Miloš Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Curved Bridges ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Seismic Risk Assessment ◽  
Probability Of Exceedance ◽  
Damage States

<p>It is of great importance that traffic network is still functioning in post- earthquake period, so that interventions in emergency situations are not delayed. Bridges are part of the traffic system that can be considered as critical for adequate post-earthquake response. Their seismic response often dominate the response and reliability of overall transportation system, so special attention should be given to risk assessment for these structures. In seismic vulnerability and risk assessment bridges are often classified as regular or irregular structures, dependant on their configuration. Curved bridges are considered as irregular and unexpected behaviour during seismic excitation is noticed in past earthquake events. Still there are an increasing number of these structures especially in densely populated urban areas since curved configuration is often suitable to accommodate complicated location conditions. In this paper special attention is given to seismic risk assessment of curved reinforce concrete bridges through fragility curves. Procedure for developing fragility curves is described as well as influence of radius curvature on their seismic vulnerability is investigated. Since vulnerability curves provide probability of exceedance of certain damage state, four damage states are considered: near collapse, significant damage, intermediate damage state, onset of damage and damage limitation. As much as possible these damage states are related to current European provisions. Radius of horizontal curvature is varied by changing subtended angle: 25 °, 45 ° and 90 °. Also one corresponding straight bridge is analysed. Nonlinear static procedure is used for developing of fragility curves. It was shown that probability of exceedance of certain damage states is increased as subtended angle is increased. Also it is determined that fragility of curved bridges can be related to fragility of straight counterparts what facilitates seismic evaluation of seismic vulnerability of curved bridges structures.</p>

scholarly journals Fragility Curves for Italian Urm Buildings Based on a Hybrid Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Sandoli ◽  
Gian Piero Lignola ◽  
Bruno Calderoni ◽  
Andrea Prota
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Ultimate Limit State ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Damage Scenario

Abstract A hybrid seismic fragility model for territorial-scale seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings is developed and presented in this paper. The method combines expert-judgment and mechanical approaches to derive typological fragility curves for Italian residential masonry building stock. The first classifies Italian masonry buildings in five different typological classes as function of age of construction, structural typology, and seismic behaviour and damaging of buildings observed following the most severe earthquakes occurred in Italy. The second, based on numerical analyses results conducted on building prototypes, provides all the parameters necessary for developing fragility functions.Peak-Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Ultimate Limit State attainable by each building’s class has been chosen as an Intensity Measure (IM) to represent fragility curves: three types of curve have been developed, each referred to mean, maximum and minim value of PGAs defined for each buildings class.To represent the expected damage scenario for increasing earthquake intensities, a correlation between PGAs and Mercalli-Cancani-Sieber (MCS) macroseismic intensity scale has been used and the corresponding fragility curves developed.Results show that the proposed building’s classes are representative of the Italian masonry building stock and that fragility curves are effective for predicting both seismic vulnerability and expected damage scenarios for seismic-prone areas. Finally, the fragility curves have been compared with empirical curves obtained through a macroseismic approach on Italian masonry buildings available in literature, underlining the differences between the methods.

scholarly journals Empowering the Indiana Bridge Inventory Database Toward Rapid Seismic Vulnerability Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Bonthron ◽  
Corey Beck ◽  
Alana Lund ◽  
Farida Mahmud ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
The State ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment

With the recent identification of the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone in addition to the New Madrid Seismic Zone, Indiana’s Department of Transportation (INDOT) has become concerned with ensuring the adequate seismic performance of their bridge network. While INDOT made an effort to reduce the seismic vulnerability of newly-constructed bridges, many less recent bridges still have the potential for vulnerability. Analyzing these bridges’ seismic vulnerability is a vital task. However, developing a detailed dynamic model for every bridge in the state using information from structural drawings is rather tedious and time-consuming. In this study, we develop a simplified dynamic assessment procedure using readily-available information from INDOT’s Bridge Asset Management Program (BIAS), to rapidly identify vulnerable bridges throughout the state. Eight additional data items are recommended to be added into BIAS to support the procedure. The procedure is applied in the Excel file to create a tool, which is able to automatically implement the simplified bridge seismic analysis procedure. The simplified dynamic assessment procedure and the Excel tool enable INDOT to perform seismic vulnerability assessment and identify bridges more frequently. INDOT can prioritize these bridges for seismic retrofits and efficiently ensure the adequate seismic performance of their assets.

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