Deep Learning-based Face Super-resolution: A Survey

Face super-resolution (FSR), also known as face hallucination, which is aimed at enhancing the resolution of low-resolution (LR) face images to generate high-resolution face images, is a domain-specific image super-resolution problem. Recently, FSR has received considerable attention and witnessed dazzling advances with the development of deep learning techniques. To date, few summaries of the studies on the deep learning-based FSR are available. In this survey, we present a comprehensive review of deep learning-based FSR methods in a systematic manner. First, we summarize the problem formulation of FSR and introduce popular assessment metrics and loss functions. Second, we elaborate on the facial characteristics and popular datasets used in FSR. Third, we roughly categorize existing methods according to the utilization of facial characteristics. In each category, we start with a general description of design principles, present an overview of representative approaches, and then discuss the pros and cons among them. Fourth, we evaluate the performance of some state-of-the-art methods. Fifth, joint FSR and other tasks, and FSR-related applications are roughly introduced. Finally, we envision the prospects of further technological advancement in this field.

Institute of Administrative Responsibility of Minors in Russia

The monograph examines the features of the institute of administrative responsibility of minors in the Russian Federation, gives a general description of this institution, examines the concept, legal nature, features of this institution, classifies punishments applied to adolescents, and considers judicial practice. Special attention is paid to the proceedings in cases of administrative offenses of minors, the legal status of the commission on juvenile affairs and protection of their rights is investigated, the features of prosecutorial supervision in the proceedings of cases of administrative offenses of minors are considered. In conclusion, conclusions are drawn and recommendations for improving the current Russian legislation are proposed. For a wide range of readers interested in the issues of administrative responsibility of minors. It can be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of law schools.

Treatment Motivation in Lung Tuberculosis Patients at Public Health Centres in Denpasar City during COVID-19 Pandemic

Treatment motivation among patients were heavily influenced by duration of therapy and existing side effects. TB supervisors motivated patients in their therapy. Limited communication from TB supervisors due to COVID-19 pandemic risked lowering treatment motivation in TB patients. Objective: get a general description of treatment motivation in TB patients from PHC in Denpasar. Method: descriptive observational with cross-sectional design in March – August 2021 at five PHC in Denpasar area. This study was done online using questionnaire with Google Forms application. Motivation is grouped into low, moderate, and high based on scores from internal factors, external factors, confidence in treatment, and interpersonal help seeking. Results: 86% of patients (43 people) had high treatment motivation, 12% of patients (6 people) have moderate treatment motivation, and two percent of patients (1 people) had low treatment motivation. Summary: Most of TB patients had high treatment motivation (86%). Communication between TB supervisors and patients are highly advised to motivate patients and increase success rate of therapy. Keywords: [Anti tuberculosis drugs, Lung tuberculosis, Treatment motivation].

Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region

Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are strongly affected by human activities. A multitude of human impacts, including climate change, affect the different compartments of the environment, and these effects interact with each other. As part of the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR), we present an inventory and discussion of different human-induced factors and processes affecting the environment of the Baltic Sea region, and their interrelations. Some are naturally occurring and modified by human activities (i.e. climate change, coastal processes, hypoxia, acidification, submarine groundwater discharges, marine ecosystems, non-indigenous species, land use and land cover), some are completely human-induced (i.e. agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, river regulations, offshore wind farms, shipping, chemical contamination, dumped warfare agents, marine litter and microplastics, tourism, and coastal management), and they are all interrelated to different degrees. We present a general description and analysis of the state of knowledge on these interrelations. Our main insight is that climate change has an overarching, integrating impact on all of the other factors and can be interpreted as a background effect, which has different implications for the other factors. Impacts on the environment and the human sphere can be roughly allocated to anthropogenic drivers such as food production, energy production, transport, industry and economy. The findings from this inventory of available information and analysis of the different factors and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region can largely be transferred to other comparable marginal and coastal seas in the world.

Preregistration adult nursing programmes and promotion of a population health agenda: an investigation

Promoting health and preventing ill health are key standards of proficiency for pre-registration nursing education in the UK. The knowledge and skills required to fulfil this role is dependent on students developing a clear understanding of population health during their educational experience. The websites of the 60 undergraduate adult nursing programmes in England that lead to registration were explored, to see how the population health agenda is presented in the information for future candidates. It was found that only 26% of universities promote a population health agenda in the general description of the adult nursing programme, emphasising clinical skills teaching and partnerships with hospital trusts for placement provision. To embrace the breadth of 21st century nursing practice, universities should be marketing nursing proficiencies and raising awareness of the wider context in which care is delivered during recruitment. This approach to branding has the potential to challenge stereotypes and widen participation.

Analyzing Current Visual Tools and Methodologies of Computer Programming Teaching in Primary Education

In our age, computational thinking that involves understanding human behavior and designing systems for solving problems is important as much as reading, writing and arithmetic for everyone. Computer programming is one of the ways that could be promote the process of developing computational thinking, in addition to developing higher-order thinking skills such as problem solving, critical and creative thinking skills etc. However, instead of focusing on problems and sub-problems, algorithms, or the most effective and efficient solution, focusing on programming language specific needs and problems affects the computational thinking process negatively. Many educators use different tools and pedagogical approaches to overcome these difficulties such as, individual work, collaborative work and visual programming tools etc. In this study, researchers analyze four visual programming tools (Scratch, Small Basic, Alice, App Inventor) for students in K-12 level and three methodologies (Project-based learning, Problem-based learning and Design-based learning) while teaching programming in K-12 level. In summary, this chapter presents general description of visual programming tools and pedagogical approaches, examples of how each tool can be used in programming education in accordance with the CT process and the probable benefits of these tools and approaches to explore the practices of computational thinking.

Socioeconomic conditions on poverty levels a case study: Central Java Province and Yogyakarta in 2016

This study aims to analyze how the influence of infrastructure availability, socioeconomic conditions, and the effect of location on poverty levels. The descriptive analysis is used to give a general description of poverty by using thematic charts and maps. The poverty map is analyzed by spatial autocorrelation of poverty levels by using a Moran Scatterplot and the Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) Map. The results of the study indicate the existence of spatial linkages to poverty. The Increasing of other variables outside the model in neighboring regions will increase the level of poverty in a region. The infrastructures of road extension, clean water infrastructure, economic growth, quality of education, and health have a significant influence on the level of poverty, while the percentage of satisfactory sanitation did not demonstrate to affect the significant effect on poverty. The conclusion is that the level of poverty in the provinces of Central Java and Yogyakarta has an irregular distribution and a clustered spatial pattern.

Matrix Converter

The matrix converter (MC) has recently attracted significant attention among researchers because of its applications in wind energy conversion, military power supplies, induction motor drives, etc. Recently, different MC topologies have been proposed and developed which have their own advantages and disadvantages. Matrix converter can be classified as a direct and indirect structure. This chapter aims to give a general description of the basic features of a three phase to three phase matrix converters in terms of performance and of technological issues. Matrix converter is a direct AC-AC converter topology that is able to directly convert energy from an AC source to an AC load without the need of a bulky and limited lifetime energy storage element. AC-AC topologies receive extensive research attention for being an alternative to replace traditional AC-DC-AC converters in the variable voltage and variable frequency AC drive applications.

Teaching How to Think Like a Programmer

This chapter aims to provide a general description of the preferred pedagogical approaches for the delivery and practice of computer science education based on a review of the literature. Pedagogical approaches mainly used in the teaching of computer science are unplugged activities, robotics programming, block-based or initial programming environments and cross-curricular activities. The preference of these pedagogical approaches varies according to the learners' age and level. Whilst all of these approaches can be used for all ages, some are aimed more at the beginner level than others. The benefits of using each of these approaches will be discussed in this chapter by way of considering educational tips.

Understanding the shoot sink.

To more fully understand how all the major organs of a tree interact in the semi-autonomous scheme of assimilate distribution and tree functioning, it is important to understand their development and growth behavior. This chapter presents a general description of the development and growth characteristics of the major organs (shoot and leaf) of fruit trees, including shoot structure, morphology and orientation; diurnal patterns of shoot growth; seasonal growth patterns of shoot growth and dormancy; as well as tree aging.