Substances abuse in HIV positive pregnant women

Infectio ro ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Alina Șerbănescu ◽  
Romina-Marina Sima ◽  
Liana Pleș
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Abruptio Placentae ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Maternal Fetal Transmission

Substances abuse and HIV infection are major health issues globally, with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. But what are the consequences of the association between the two, especially in a pregnant woman? Substance abuse in a pregnant HIV positive woman, regardless of the substance used (tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, opioids etc.) is at greater risk of HIV maternal-fetal transmission, as well as obstetric, neonatologic and pediatric complications, such as miscarriage, abruptio placentae, premature birth, eclampsia, fetal alcohol syndrome, stillbirth, sudden infant death syndrome and neurological deficits. For these reasons cessation of substance abuse is mandatory before planning a pregnancy, especially for HIV infected women. This can be achieved through counselling, guidance towards rehab facilities and prenatal screening programs, often with optimistic results, as pregnancy is the time with the highest success rate regarding substance abuse cessation than any other time in a woman’s life.

Relationship of maternal substance abuse to subsequent sudden infant death syndrome in offspring

1993 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Kandall ◽  
Judith Gaines ◽  
Leo Habel ◽  
Georgia Davidson ◽  
Dorothy Jessop
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Maternal Substance Abuse ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Mental Health Comorbidity In HIV-positive Zambian Adults Who Consume Alcohol

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kanguya ◽  
M Vinkoor ◽  
A Sharma ◽  
S van Wyk ◽  
R Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Unhealthy Alcohol Use ◽  
Unhealthy Alcohol ◽  
Mental Health Issues

Abstract Background Alcohol abuse is common in Zambia and a growing threat to achieving the 90 90 90 treatment target to ending the HIV epidemic. Brief counselling is offered but has limited effectiveness possibly because it does not address the mental health issues that underpin drinking behavior. We assessed the frequency and nature of comorbid mental health issues in HIV-positive drinkers in Zambia. Methods As part of an ongoing randomized control trial (NCT03966885), we recruited HIV positive adults on ART who reported at least 1 alcoholic drink in the previous 3 months from two clinics in Lusaka, Zambia. Using audio computer assisted self-interviewers, we captured demographic information and screened for unhealthy alcohol use (AUDIT), depression (CES-D), trauma (HTQ) and other substance abuse (ASSIST). These instruments have previously been validated in Zambia. Established cut-offs were used to define unhealthy alcohol use (AU), depression (DEP), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse (SU). Results Among 300 individuals reporting any alcohol use, 165 agreed to screening. 155 participants were recruited, including 93 men and 62 women. Nearly all screened 146 (94.2%) had unhealthy alcohol use and 9 (5.8%) had low to moderate alcohol scores. Comorbid mental health issues were present in 72 % of unhealthy drinkers, most commonly depression 46 (31.5 %) and trauma 35 (24 %). Non-alcohol substance use (7.6 %) comorbidities where less prevalent than mental health comorbidities among those with unhealthy alcohol use. Conclusions Among urban Zambian adults living with HIV who reported alcohol consumption at their ART clinic, unhealthy use was the norm; moderate alcohol use was rare. Comorbid mental health issues (particularly depression and trauma) are highly prevalent among unhealthy drinkers with HIV. These data suggest that all unhealthy drinkers should be screened for mental health issues. Key messages Alcohol Abuse In HIV Patients Is Common In Zambia. HIV Patients Abusing Alcohol Suffer From Depression and Trauma.

Newborn Infants With Drug Withdrawal Symptoms

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
Ira J. Chasnoff
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Drug Withdrawal ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Substance Abusing ◽  
Polydrug Use ◽  
Increased Risk

The overall incidence of substance abuse is stable for all drugs except cocaine which is steadily increasing in popularity in all aspects of the population. Signs of neonatal abstinence are seen to varying degrees in infants exposed to any of the drugs of abuse. Polydrug use by pregnant women is the most common form of substance abuse, and this complicates the evaluation of the newborn infant. Infants exposed in utero to cocaine are markedly tremulous and irritable and have an increased rate of prematurity. All infants delivered to substance-abusing mothers should be considered at increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome and evaluated accordingly.

Child and adolescent health

2020 ◽  
pp. 257-332
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Sickle Cell Disorders

This chapter covers health issues and how to manage them. It covers acne, asthma, autistic spectrum disorders, behavioural disorders, birth injuries, problems with the bone and joint, cerebral palsy, cancer in childhood, cleft lip and palate, congenital heart defects and other impairments, constipation and encopresis, cystic fibrosis, deafness, depressive behaviours, eczema, emotional problems, endocrine problems, epilepsy, genetic problems, and growth disorders. It also includes infections and the consequences of infectious diseases in childhood, insects, neural tube defects, nocturnal enuresis, overweight children and adolescents, sickle cell disorders, thalassaemia, sudden infant death syndrome, and vomiting.

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