Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy with rapid evolution toward dementia in alcoholic dependence – case report

Psihiatru ro ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Cătălina Crişan ◽  
Laura Grosu ◽  
Oana Vanţa
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Full Recovery ◽  
Wernicke Encephalopathy ◽  
Korsakoff Syndrome ◽  
Dementia Syndrome ◽  
Patients Experience

Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute neuropsychiatric condition caused by thiamine deficiency. Only a small percentage of patients experience all three symptoms, with ophtalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion, and the full triad occurs more frequently among those who have overused alcohol. The evolution is toward full recovery, Korsakoff syndrome, dementia or death. We present the case of a 56-year-old patient, known with a diagnostic of alcoholism, who was admitted for a complicated withdrawal syndrome with delirium and who developed encephalopathy and dementia syndrome.

scholarly journals CONFABULATIONS IN A CHRONIC ALCOHOLIC- A SUBTLE PRESENTATION OF KORSAKOFF SYNDROME

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
Yan Leyfman
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Retrograde Amnesia ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Wernicke Encephalopathy ◽  
Chronic Alcoholic ◽  
Present Case Report ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Korsakoff Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin B1 Deficiency

Wernicke Encephalopathy is an acute neuropsychiatric condition, characterized by confusion, nystagmus, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia, resulting from thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency, typically secondary to alcohol abuse. Failure to properly diagnose, which occurs in 80% of the time, can result in gradual progression to irreversible Korsakoff Syndrome, characterized by irreversible personality changes, and anterograde and retrograde amnesia. The present case report seeks to highlight this patient’s chronology to Korsakoff Syndrome and our attempted interventions.

Review of thiamine deficiency disorders: Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abin Chandrakumar ◽  
Aseem Bhardwaj ◽  
Geert W. ‘t Jong
Keyword(s):  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphate ◽  
Wernicke Encephalopathy ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Korsakoff Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Conditions

Abstract Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff psychosis (KP), together termed Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS), are distinct yet overlapping neuropsychiatric disorders associated with thiamine deficiency. Thiamine pyrophosphate, the biologically active form of thiamine, is essential for multiple biochemical pathways involved in carbohydrate utilization. Both genetic susceptibilities and acquired deficiencies as a result of alcoholic and non-alcoholic factors are associated with thiamine deficiency or its impaired utilization. WKS is underdiagnosed because of the inconsistent clinical presentation and overlapping of symptoms with other neurological conditions. The identification and individualized treatment of WE based on the etiology is vital to prevent the development of the amnestic state associated with KP in genetically predisposed individuals. Through this review, we bring together the existing data from animal and human models to expound the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions for WE and KP.

Metabolic Encephalopathy - Part II

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Gill ◽  
Matthew McCoyd ◽  
Sean Ruland ◽  
José Biller
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome ◽  
Wernicke Encephalopathy ◽  
Metabolic Encephalopathy ◽  
Improve Outcome ◽  
Myxedema Coma ◽  
Hashimoto Encephalopathy ◽  
Korsakoff Syndrome ◽  
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome ◽  
Neurologic Function

Normal neurologic function requires a constantly balanced environment of electrolytes.  Normal hepatic and renal function is critical in maintaining this balance while removing toxins, maintaining a physiologic pH and regulating the excretion of electrolytes.  Nutritional intake provides essential nutrients but deficiencies can lead to characteristic syndromes such as Wernicke's encephalopathy and pellagra and exposure to neurotoxic substances such as heavy metals can lead to encephalopathy.  Thyroid and adrenal dysfunction are common endocrine causes of encephalopathy and symptoms can often improve rapidly with treatment.  A subset of idiopathic encephalopathy is increasingly being recognized as having an autoimmune basis, often presenting as a paraneoplastic process, and having a constellation of symptoms which can aide in the diagnosis.  Timely recognition and treatment of the autoantibodies which target neural structures, with immunosuppressive therapy, can improve outcome in these patients.   This review contains 4 figures, 3 tables, and 42 references. Key words: osmotic demyelination syndrome,hepatic encephalopathy, renal failure, triphasic waves, dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, Wernicke encephalopathy, Korsakoff syndrome, myxedema coma, Hashimoto encephalopathy

Metabolic Encephalopathy - Part II

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Gill ◽  
Matthew McCoyd ◽  
Sean Ruland ◽  
José Biller
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome ◽  
Wernicke Encephalopathy ◽  
Metabolic Encephalopathy ◽  
Improve Outcome ◽  
Myxedema Coma ◽  
Hashimoto Encephalopathy ◽  
Korsakoff Syndrome ◽  
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome ◽  
Neurologic Function

Normal neurologic function requires a constantly balanced environment of electrolytes.  Normal hepatic and renal function is critical in maintaining this balance while removing toxins, maintaining a physiologic pH and regulating the excretion of electrolytes.  Nutritional intake provides essential nutrients but deficiencies can lead to characteristic syndromes such as Wernicke's encephalopathy and pellagra and exposure to neurotoxic substances such as heavy metals can lead to encephalopathy.  Thyroid and adrenal dysfunction are common endocrine causes of encephalopathy and symptoms can often improve rapidly with treatment.  A subset of idiopathic encephalopathy is increasingly being recognized as having an autoimmune basis, often presenting as a paraneoplastic process, and having a constellation of symptoms which can aide in the diagnosis.  Timely recognition and treatment of the autoantibodies which target neural structures, with immunosuppressive therapy, can improve outcome in these patients.   This review contains 4 figures, 3 tables, and 42 references. Key words: osmotic demyelination syndrome,hepatic encephalopathy, renal failure, triphasic waves, dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, Wernicke encephalopathy, Korsakoff syndrome, myxedema coma, Hashimoto encephalopathy

scholarly journals An uncommon cause for a breast abscess: Actinomyces turicensis with Peptoniphilus harei

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e231194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Le Bihan ◽  
Farid Ahmed ◽  
Jean O'Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Full Recovery ◽  
Breast Mass ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Breast Abscess ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity

Our case report describes a patient with a common presenting complaint yet an uncommon infection. Our patient presented with a fluctuant breast mass diagnosed as a breast abscess. An aspirate sample was sent for culture and sensitivities, which revealed the presence of Actinomyces turicensis and the anaerobe Peptoniphilus harei. She was therefore prescribed several weeks of amoxicillin and metronidazole, and made a full recovery. There are only three case reports describing A. turicensis as a causative organism for breast abscess, one of which had also occurred in our department. One case also showed the additional presence of P. harei. Our findings reveal a growing need for increasing clinician awareness of A. turicensis and the importance of aspirate sample culture and sensitivity.

Neurexin‐3α‐associated autoimmune encephalitis: a case report of full recovery after rituximab therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Loehrer ◽  
C. I. Bien ◽  
A.‐E. Dusoi ◽  
L. Timmermann ◽  
O. J. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Full Recovery
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