scholarly journals A participação social nos processos de Licenciamento Ambiental de empreendimentos minerários em Minas Gerais

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2154
Author(s):  
Guilherme Prado Alves ◽  
Ana Luiza De Souza Marcondes ◽  
Maria Elisa Diniz Bucci ◽  
Maria Rita Raimundo e Almeida

A mineração é uma das bases da economia brasileira e, por causar impactos socioambientais, está sujeita ao licenciamento e avaliação de impacto ambiental que envolve a participação social. Entretanto, a literatura aponta que a participação dentro desses processos possui limitações. Destarte, este trabalho objetivou analisar a participação social nas audiências públicas dos processos de licenciamento ambiental de empreendimentos minerários em Minas Gerais. Para isso, foram utilizados os dados disponibilizados no sítio eletrônico da Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável das solicitações e realização das audiências públicas entre julho/2018 e novembro/2019. Para as audiências realizadas, foram levantados, por meio da ata, alguns pontos de interesse. Inicialmente, observou-se a ausência de solicitação em 85% dos 143 processos. No entanto, no que se refere à mineração, foram encontrados 12 processos, sendo que dois terços já contavam com audiência (solicitada, agendada ou realizada). Os principais solicitantes das audiências foram entidades civis e autoridades locais. As audiências realizadas mostraram-se acessíveis e favoráveis a participação nos quesitos horário, local, presença de lideranças comunitárias e membros da sociedade civil. Já a linguagem utilizada apresentou características distintas, sendo não adequada à participação em alguns casos. Em síntese, a participação sob a forma de audiência pública, tão ausente nos processos de licenciamento mineiros, esteve mais presente quando se tratava de mineração, o que pode ser resultado dos recentes desastres. Ainda, notou-se a importância da participação social frente à mineração, a fim de garantir que a sociedade seja informada sobre seus riscos e benefícios.   Social participation in public hearings in the Environmental Licensing processes of mining in Minas Gerais State - Brazil ABSTRACTMining is one of foundations of the Brazilian economy and causes socio-environmental impacts, and then it is subject to licensing and environmental impact assessment process that involves social participation. However, the literature points out that participation within licensing processes has limitations. Thus, this work aimed to describe the social participation in public hearings of the environmental licensing processes of mining in Minas Gerais State, after implementation of the “Public Hearing Consultation and Request” system. For this, data available on website of requests and conducting of public hearings from July/2018 to November/2019 were used. For hearing held, some points of interest were raised through minutes. Initially, the absence of requests was observed in 85% of 143 cases. However, with regard to mining activities, 12 cases were found, of which two thirds already had the audience (requested, scheduled or carried out). The main requesters for hearings were civil entities and local authorities. The hearings held proved to be accessible and favorable to participation in terms of time, place, community leaders presence and civil society members. The language used in the hearings presented different characteristics, being not suitable for participation in some cases. In summary, participation in form of a public hearing, so absent in the licensing processes in Minas Gerais, was more present when it came to mining, which may be result of the recent disasters. Not having a public hearing indicates a weakness; however, its performance is not a guarantee of effective participation.Keywords: Public hearing, Environmental Impact Assessment, mining, public participation, Minas Gerais State.

Author(s):  
Xabier Guinda ◽  
Araceli Puente ◽  
José A. Juanes ◽  
Francisco Royano ◽  
Felipe Fernández ◽  
...  

The high energy demand and the threat of climate change have led to a remarkable development of renewable energies, initially through technologies applied to the terrestrial environment and, recently, through the awakening of marine renewable energies. However, the development of these types of projects is often hampered by failure to pass the corresponding environmental impact assessment process. The complexity of working in the marine environment and the uncertainties associated with assessing the impacts of such projects make it difficult to carry out objective and precise environmental impact assessments. AMBEMAR-DSS seeks to establish a basis for understanding and agreement between the different stakeholders (project developers, public administrations, environmental organizations and the public in general), in order to find solutions that allow the development of marine renewable energies, minimizing their environmental cost. For this purpose, a DSS is proposed which, based on cartographic information and using objective and quantifiable criteria, allows comparative assessments and analyses between different project alternatives. The analytical procedures used by the system include, among others, hydrodynamic modeling tools and visual impact simulators. In addition, impacts on marine species are assessed taking into account intrinsic ecological and biological aspects. The magnitude of the impacts is quantified by means of fuzzy logic operations and the integration of all the elements is carried out by an interactive multi-criteria analysis. The results are shown in tables, graphs and figures of easy interpretation and can be also visualized geographically by means of a cartographic viewer. The system identifies the main impacts generated in the different phases of the project and allows establishing adequate mitigation measures in search of optimized solutions. The establishment of the assessment criteria has been based on the abundant, but dispersed, scientific literature on the various elements of the system and having the opinion of experts in the various fields. Nevertheless, the DSS developed constitutes a preliminary basis on which to build and improve a system with the input of researchers, promoters and experts from different disciplines.


1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
K.N. Davie ◽  
T.A. Winters

This paper discusses the relationship between the Aboriginal heritage clearance process and the environmental impact assessment process. The current Western Australian legislation and the Murrin Murrin nickel project and other Western Australian projects are used as a case study, although similar methods and issues are applicable to most states within Australia. The paper investigates areas where delays may occur and proposes a model which can be implemented to maximise the level of certainty for a project.


Author(s):  
Peter Salzer ◽  
Eva Sencˇa´kova´

Environmental Impact Assessment Act has been in force in the Slovak Republic since 1994. Evaluation of potential environmental impact of nuclear facilities/activities was enforced in the cases of newly sited constructions containing nuclear facilities much earlier: the civil construction legislation required the preparation of initial safety report with the same purposes. The cardinal change constituted by the EIA Act was the legal requirement of the public involvement in the assessment process, such as participation of municipalities, civil initiatives or public hearings. Another aspect was the most complex evaluation of impact, i.e. not only inside the nuclear safety framework but including, for instance, also non-nuclear, social, and economical aspects. All nuclear activities judged by the environmental impact assessment processes in the last eight years have been related to radioactive waste and spent fuel management facilities or activities and to the decommissioning of nuclear power plants. The particular cases are briefly described and the positive and negative implications from particular environmental impact assessment processes are discussed and generalized. Special attention is given to the use of EIA approaches in the strategy decision-making processes on various levels. There are the main difficulties and drawbacks in application of the EIA legal provisions in Slovakia at the present time.


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